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    "source_title": "Encyclopaedia Britannica (1911)",
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    "chunk_id": "1911:fontane:76e650d4c337",
    "title": "FONTANE",
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    "verified_text": "fontane, theodor (1819-1898), german poet and novelist, was born at neu-ruppin on the 30th of december 1819. at the age of sixteen he was apprenticed to a chemist, and after qualifying as an apothecary, he found employment in leipzig and dresden. in 1844 he travelled in england, and settling in berlin devoted himself from 1849 to literature. he made repeated journeys to england, interesting himself in old english ballads, and as the first fruits of his tours published _ein sommer in london_ (1854); _aus england, studien und briefe_ (1860) and _jenseit des tweed, bilder und briefe aus schottland_ (1860). fontane was particularly attached to the mark of brandenburg, in which his home lay; he was proud of its past achievements, and delighted in the growth of the capital city, berlin. the fascination which the country of his birth had for him may be seen in his delightfully picturesque _wanderungen durch die mark brandenburg_ (1862-1882, 4 vols.). he also described the wars of prussia in _der schleswig-holsteinische krieg im jahre 1864_ (1866) and _der deutsche krieg von 1866_ (1869). he proceeded to the theatre of war in 1870, and, being taken prisoner at vaucouleurs, remained three months in captivity. his experiences he narrates in _kriegsgefangen. erlebtes 1870_ (1871), and he published the result of his observations of the campaign in _der krieg gegen frankreich 1870-71_ (1874-1876). like most of his contemporaries, he at first sought inspiration for his poetry in the heroes of other countries. his _gedichte_ (1851) and ballads _manner und helden_ (1860) tell of england's glories in bygone days. then the achievements of his own countrymen entered into rivalry, and these, as an ardent patriot, he immortalized in poem and narrative. it is, however, as a novelist that fontane is best known. his fine historical romance _vor dem sturm_ (1878) was followed by a series of novels of modern life: _l'adultera_ (1882); _schach von wuthenow_ (1883); _irrungen, wirrungen_ (1888); _stine_ (1890); _unwiederbringlich_ (1891); _effi briest_ (1895); _der stechlin_ (1899), in which with fine literary tact fontane adapted the realistic methods and social criticism of contemporary french fiction to the conditions of prussian life. he died on the 20th of september 1898 at berlin. fontane's _gesammelte romane und erzahlungen_ were published in 12 vols. (1890-1891; 2nd ed., 1905). for his life see the autobiographical works _meine kinderjahre_ (1894) and _von zwanzig bis dreissig_ (1898), also _briefe an seine familie_ (1905); also f. servaes, _theodor fontane_ (1900).",
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