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    "source_title": "Encyclopaedia Britannica (1911)",
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    "chunk_id": "1911:first of june:3423cd71dfe6",
    "title": "FIRST OF JUNE",
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    "verified_text": "first of june, battle of). though howe was now nearly seventy, and had been trained in the old school, he displayed an originality not usual with veterans, and not excelled by any of his successors in the war, not even by nelson, since they had his example to follow and were served by more highly trained squadrons than his. he continued to hold the nominal command by the wish of the king, but his active service was now over. in 1797 he was called on to pacify the mutineers at spithead, and his great influence with the seamen who trusted him was conspicuously shown. he died on the 5th of august 1799, and was buried in his family vault at langar. his monument by flaxman is in st paul's cathedral. in 1782 he was created viscount howe of langar, and in 1788 baron and earl howe. in june 1797 he was made a knight of the garter. with the sailors he was always popular, though he was no popularity hunter, for they knew him to be just. his nickname of black dick was given on account of his swarthy complexion, and the well-known portrait by gainsborough shows that it was apt. lord howe married, on the 10th of march 1758, mary hartop, the daughter of colonel chiverton hartop of welby in leicestershire, and had issue two daughters. his irish title descended to his brother william, the general, who died childless in 1814. the earldom, and the viscounty of the united kingdom, being limited to heirs male, became extinct, but the barony, being to heirs general, passed to his daughter, sophia charlotte (1762-1835), who married the hon. penn assheton curzon. their son, richard william curzon (1796-1870), who succeeded his paternal grandfather as viscount curzon in 1820, was created earl howe in 1821; he was succeeded by his son, george augustus (1821-1876), and then by another son, richard william (1822-1900), whose son richard george penn curzon-howe (b. 1861) became 4th earl howe in 1900. the standard _life_ is by sir john barrow (1838). interesting reminiscences will be found in the _life of codrington_, by lady bourchier. accounts of his professional services are in charnock's _biographia navalis_, v. 457, and in ralf's _naval biographies_, i. 83. see also beatson's _naval and military annals_, james's _naval history_, and chevalier's _histoire de la marine francaise_, vols. i. and ii. (d. h.)",
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