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    "source_title": "Encyclopaedia Britannica (1911)",
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    "chunk_id": "1911:fabert:0f0a422936e9",
    "title": "FABERT",
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    "verified_text": "fabert, abraham de (1599-1660), marshal of france, was the son of abraham fabert, seigneur de moulins (d. 1638), a famous printer who rendered great services, civil and military, to henry iv. at the age of fourteen he entered the _gardes francaises_, and in 1618 received a commission in the piedmont regiment, becoming major in 1627. he distinguished himself repeatedly in the constant wars of the period, notably in la rochelle and at the siege of exilles in 1630. his bravery and engineering skill were again displayed in the sieges of avesnes and maubeuge in 1637, and in 1642 louis xiii. made him governor of the recently-acquired fortress of sedan. in 1651 he became lieutenant-general, and in 1654 at the siege of stenay he introduced new methods of siegecraft which anticipated in a measure the great improvements of vauban. in 1658 fabert was made a marshal of france, being the first commoner to attain that rank. he died at sedan on the 17th of may 1660. see _histoire du marechal de fabert_ (amsterdam, 1697); p. barre, _vie de fabert_ (paris, 1752); a. feillet, _le premier marechal de france plebeien_ (paris, 1869); bourelly, _le marechal fabert_ (paris, 1880). fabian [fabianus], saint (d. 250), pope and martyr, was chosen pope, or bishop of rome, in january 236 in succession to anteros. eusebius (_hist. eccl._ vi. 29) relates how the christians, having assembled in rome to elect a new bishop, saw a dove alight upon the head of fabian, a stranger to the city, who was thus marked out for this dignity, and was at once proclaimed bishop, although there were several famous men among the candidates for the vacant position. fabian was martyred during the persecution under the emperor decius, his death taking place on the 20th of january 250, and was buried in the catacomb of calixtus, where a memorial has been found. he is said to have baptized the emperor philip and his son, to have done some building in the catacombs, to have improved the organization of the church in rome, to have appointed officials to register the deeds of the martyrs, and to have founded several churches in france. his deeds are thus described in the _liber pontificalis_: \"hic regiones dividit diaconibus et fecit vii subdiacones, qui vii notariis imminerent, ut gestas martyrum integro fideliter colligerent, et multas fabricas per cymiteria fieri praecepit.\" although there is very little authentic information about fabian, there is evidence that his episcopate was one of great importance in the history of the early church. he was highly esteemed by cyprian, bishop of carthage; novatian refers to his _nobilissimae memoriae_, and he corresponded with origen. one authority refers to him as flavian. see the article on \"fabian\" by a. harnack in herzog-hauck's _realencyklopadie_, band v. (leipzig, 1898).",
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