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    "source_title": "Encyclopaedia Britannica (1911)",
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    "chunk_id": "1911:exeter:ecdeafa6549f",
    "title": "EXETER",
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    "verified_text": "exeter, a town and one of the county-seats of rockingham county, new hampshire, u.s.a., on the squamscott river, about 12 m. s.w. of portsmouth and about 51 m. n. by e. of boston, mass. pop. (1890) 4284; (1900) 4922 (1066 foreign-born); (1910) 4897; area, about 17 sq. m. it is served by the western division of the boston & maine railway. the town has a public library and some old houses built in the colonial period, and is the seat of phillips exeter academy (incorporated in 1781 and opened in 1783). in its charter this institution is described as \"an academy for the purpose of promoting piety and virtue, and for the education of youth in the english, latin and greek languages, in writing, arithmetic, music and the art of speaking, practical geometry, logic and geography, and such other of the liberal arts and sciences or languages, as opportunity may hereafter permit.\" it was founded by dr john phillips (1719-1795), a graduate of harvard college, who acquired considerable wealth as a merchant at exeter and gave nearly all of it to the cause of education. the academy is one of the foremost secondary schools in the country, and among its _alumni_ have been daniel webster, edward everett, lewis cass (born in exeter in a house still standing), john parker hale, george bancroft, jared sparks, john gorham palfrey, richard hildreth and francis bowen. the government of the academy is vested in a board of six trustees, regarding whom the founder provided that a majority should be laymen and not inhabitants of exeter. in 1909-1910 the institution had 20 buildings, 32 acres of recreation grounds, 16 instructors and 488 students, representing 38 states and territories of the united states and 4 foreign countries. at exeter also is the robinson female seminary (1867), with 14 instructors and 272 students in 1906-1907. the river furnishes water-power, and among the manufactures of the town are shoes, machinery, cottons, brass, &c. the town is one of the oldest in the state; it was founded in 1638 by rev. john wheelwright, an antinomian leader who with a number of followers settled here after his banishment from massachusetts. for their government the settlers adopted (1639) a plantation covenant. there was disagreement from the first, however, with regard to the measure of loyalty to the king, and in 1643, when massachusetts had asserted her claim to this region and the other three new hampshire towns had submitted to her jurisdiction, the majority of the inhabitants of exeter also yielded, while the minority, including the founder, removed from the town. in 1680 the town became a part of the newly created province of new hampshire. during the french and indian wars it was usually protected by a garrison, and some of the garrison houses are still standing. from 1776 to 1784 the state legislature usually met at exeter. see c.h. bell, _history of the town of exeter_ (exeter, 1888). exeter book [_codex exoniensis_], an anthology of anglo-saxon poetry presented to exeter cathedral by leofric,[1] bishop of exeter, england, from 1050 to 1071, and still in the possession of the dean and chapter. it contains some legal documents, the poems entitled _crist_, _guthlac_, _phoenix_, _juliana_, _the wanderer_ and others, and concludes with between eighty and ninety riddles. it was first described in humphrey wanley's _catalogus_ ... (1705) in detail but with many inaccuracies; subsequently by j.j. conybeare, _account of a saxon manuscript_ (a paper read in 1812; printed with some extracts from the ms. in _archaeologia_, vol. xvii. pp. 180-197, 1814). a complete transcript made (1831) by robert chambers is in the british museum (addit. ms. 9067). it was first printed in 1842 by benjamin thorpe for the soc. of antiq., london, as _codex exoniensis ... with an english translation, notes and indexes_. more recent editions, chiefly based on thorpe's text, are:--in chr. grein's _bibliothek der a.s. poesie_ (vol. iii. part 1, ed. r. wulker, leipzig, 1897, with a bibliography), j. schipper in pfeiffer's _germania_, vol. xix. pp. 327-339, and israel gollancz, _the exeter book_, pt. i. (1895), with english translation, for the early english text society. a detailed account, with bibliographies of the separate poems, is given by r. wulker, in _grundriss ... der a.s. literatur_, pp. 218-236 (leipzig, 1885); see also the introduction to _the crist of cynewulf_ ..., edited by prof. a.s. cook, with introduction, notes and a glossary (boston, u.s.a., 1900). for the poems contained in the ms. see also cynewulf and riddles. footnote: [1] for leofric, see f.e. warren, _the leofric missal_ (1883).",
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