ESKI-SHEHR

eski-shehr, a town of asia minor, in the kutaiah sanjak of the brusa (khudavendikiar) vilayet. it is a station on the haidar pasha-angora railway, 194-1/2 m. from the former and 164 m. from angora, and the junction for konia; and is situated on the right bank of the pursak su (_tembris_), a tributary of the sakaria, at the foot of the hills that border the broad treeless valley. pop. 20,000 (moslems 15,000, christians 5000). eski-shehr, i.e. "the old town," lies about a mile from the ruins of the ancient phrygian dorylaeum. the latter is mentioned in connexion with the wars of lysimachus and antigonus (about 302 b.c.), and frequently figures in byzantine history as an imperial residence and military rendezvous. it was the scene of the defeat of the turks under kilij-arslan by the crusaders in 1097, and fell finally to the turks of konia in 1176. the town is divided by a small stream into a commercial quarter on low ground, in which are the bazaars, khans and the hot sulphur springs (122 deg. f.) which are mentioned as early as the 3rd century by athenaeus; and a residential quarter on the higher ground. the town is noted for its good climate, the pursak su for the abundance of its fish, and the plain for its fertility. about 18 m. to the e. are extensive deposits of meerschaum. the clay is partly manufactured into pipes in the town, but the greater proportion finds its way to europe and especially to germany. the annual output is valued at l272,000. see murray's _hdbk. to asia minor_ (1893); v. cuinet, _turquie d'asie_ (paris, 1894).