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    "source_title": "Encyclopaedia Britannica (1911)",
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    "chunk_id": "1911:eger:803799179401",
    "title": "EGER",
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    "verified_text": "eger, aqiba (1761-1837), jewish scholar, was for the last twenty-five years of his life rabbi of posen. he was a rigorous casuist of the old school, and his chief works were legal notes on the talmud and the code of qaro (q.v.). he believed that religious education was enough, and thus opposed the party which favoured secular schools. he was a determined foe of the reform movement, which began to make itself felt in his time. eger (czech, _cheb_), a town of bohemia, austria, 148 m. w.n.w. of prague by rail. pop. (1900) 23,665. it is situated on the river eger, at the foot of one of the spurs of the fichtelgebirge, and lies in the centre of a german district of about 40,000 inhabitants, who are distinguished from the surrounding population by their costumes, language, manners and customs. on the rock, to the n.w. of the town, lies the burg or castle, built probably in the 12th century, and now in ruins. it possesses a massive black tower, built of blocks of lava, and in the courtyard is an interesting chapel, in romanesque style with fantastic ornamentations, which was finished in the 13th century. in the banquet-room of this castle wallenstein's officers terzky, kinsky, illo and neumann were assassinated a few hours before wallenstein himself was murdered by captain devereux. the murder took place on the 25th of february 1634 in the town-house, which was at that time the burgomaster's house. the rooms occupied by wallenstein have been transformed since 1872 into a museum, which contains many historical relics and antiquities of the town of eger. the handsome and imposing st nicholas church was built in the 13th century and restored in 1892. there is a considerable textile industry, together with the manufacture of shoes, machinery and milling. eger was the birthplace of the novelist and playwright braun von braunthal (1802-1866). about 3 m. n.w. of eger is the well-known watering place of franzensbad (q.v.). the district of eger was in 870 included in the new margraviate of east franconia, which belonged at first to the babenbergs, but from 906 to the counts of vohburg, who took the title of margraves of eger. by the marriage, in 1149, of adela of vohburg with the emperor frederick i., eger came into the possession of the house of swabia, and remained in the hands of the emperors until the 13th century. in 1265 it was taken by ottakar ii. of bohemia, who retained it for eleven years. after being repeatedly transferred from the one power to the other, according to the preponderance of bohemia or the empire, the town and territory were finally incorporated with bohemia in 1350, after the bohemian king became the emperor charles iv. several imperial privileges, however, continued to be enjoyed by the town till 1849. it suffered severely during the hussite war, during the swedish invasion in 1631 and 1647, and in the war of the austrian succession in 1742. see drivok, _altere geschichte der deutschen reichstadt eger und des reichsgebietes egerland_ (leipzig, 1875). eger (ger. _erlau_, med. lat. _agria_), a town of hungary, capital of the county of heves, 90 m. e.n.e. of budapest by rail. pop. (1900) 24,650. it is beautifully situated in the valley of the river eger, an affluent of the theiss, and on the eastern outskirts of the matra mountains. eger is the see of an archbishopric, and owing to its numerous ecclesiastical buildings has received the name of \"the hungarian rome.\" amongst the principal buildings are the beautiful cathedral in the italian style, with a handsome dome 130 ft. high, erected in 1831-1834 by the archbishop ladislaus pyrker (1772-1847); the church of the brothers of mercy, opposite which is a handsome minaret, 115 ft. high, the remains of a mosque dating from the turkish occupation, other roman catholic churches, and an imposing greek church. the archiepiscopal palace; the lyceum, with a good library and an astronomical observatory; the seminary for roman priests; and the town-hall are all noteworthy. on an eminence n.e. of the town, laid out as a park, are the ruins of the old fortress, and a monument of stephen dobo, the heroic defender of the town against the assaults of the turks in 1552. the chief occupation of the inhabitants is the cultivation of the vineyards of the surrounding hills, which produce the red erlauer wine, one of the best in hungary. to the s.w. of eger, in the same county of heves, is situated the town of gyongyos (pop. 15,878). it lies on the south-western outskirts of the matra mountains, and carries on a brisk trade in the erlauer wine, which is produced throughout the district. the hungarians defeated the austrians at gyongyos on the 3rd of april 1849. to the s.w. of gyongyos is situated the old town of hatvan (pop. 9698), which is now a busy railway junction, and possesses several industrial establishments. eger is an old town, and owes its importance to the bishopric created by king stephen in 1010, which was one of the richest in the whole of hungary. in 1552 eger resisted the repeated assaults of a large turkish force; in 1596, however, it was given up to the turks by the austrian party in the garrison, and remained in their possession until 1687. it was created an archbishopric in 1814. during the revolution of 1848-1849, eger was remarkable for the patriotic spirit displayed by its inhabitants; and it was here that the principal campaigns against the austrians were organized.",
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