DUNCKER

duncker, maximilian wolfgang (1811-1886), german historian and politician, eldest son of the publisher karl duncker, was born at berlin on the 15th of october 1811. he studied at the universities of bonn and berlin till 1834, was then accused of participation in the students' societies, which the government was endeavouring to suppress, and was condemned to six years' imprisonment, afterwards reduced to six months. he had already begun his labours as a historian, but after serving his sentence in 1837, found himself debarred till 1839 from completing his course at halle, where in 1842 he obtained a professorship. elected to the national assembly at frankfort in 1848, he joined the right centre party, and was chosen reporter of the projected constitution. he sat in the erfurt assembly in 1850, and in the second prussian chamber from 1849 to 1852. during the crisis in schleswig and holstein in 1850 he endeavoured in person to aid the duchies in their struggles. an outspoken opponent of the policy of manteuffel, he was refused promotion by the prussian government, and in 1857 accepted the professorship of history at tubingen. in 1859, however, he was recalled to berlin as assistant in the ministry of state in the auerswald cabinet, and in 1861 was appointed councillor to the crown prince. in 1867 he became director of the prussian archives, with which it was his task to incorporate those of hanover, hesse and nassau. he retired on the 1st of january 1875, and died at ansbach on the 21st of july 1886. duncker's eminent position among german historians rests mainly on his _geschichte des alterthums_ (1st ed., 1852-1857); 5th ed. in 9 vols., 1878-1886; (english translation by evelyn abbott, 1877-1882). he edited, with j.g. droysen, _preussische staatsschriften_, _politische correspondenz friedrichs des grossen_, and _urkunden und actenstucke zur geschichte des kurfursten friedrich wilhelm von brandenburg_. to the period of his political activity belong _zur geschichte der deutschen reichsversammlung in frankfurt_ (1849); _heinrich von gagern_ (1850), in the series of _manner der gegenwart_; and the anonymous _vier monate auswartiger politik_ (1851). his other works include _origines germanicae_ (1840); the lectures _die krisis der reformation_ (1845) and _feudalitat und aristokratie_ (1858); _aus der zeit friedrichs des grossen und friedrich wilhelms iii. abhandlungen zur preussischen geschichte_ (1876); followed after his death by _abhandlungen aus der griechischen geschichte_ and _abhandlungen aus der neueren geschichte_ (1887).