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    "source_title": "Encyclopaedia Britannica (1911)",
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    "chunk_id": "1911:dufresny:bd171b26f106",
    "title": "DUFRESNY",
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    "verified_text": "dufresny, charles, sieur de la riviere (1648-1724), french dramatist, was born in paris in 1648. the allegation that his grandfather was an illegitimate son of henry iv. procured him the liberal patronage of louis xiv., who gave him the post of _valet de chambre_, and affixed his name to many lucrative privileges. dufresny's expensive habits neutralized all efforts to enrich him, and as if to furnish a piquant commentary on the proverb that poverty makes us acquainted with strange bedfellows, he married, as his second wife, a washerwoman, in discharge of her bill--a whimsicality which supplied le sage with an episode in the _diable boiteux_, and was made the subject of a comedy by j.m. deschamps (_charles riviere dufresny, ou le mariage impromptu_). he died in paris on the 6th of october 1724. his plays, destitute for the most part of all higher qualities, abound in sprightly wit and pithy sayings. in the six volumes of his _theatre_ (paris, 1731), some of the best are _l'esprit de contradiction_ (1700), _le double veuvage_ (1701), _la joueuse_ (1709), _la coquette de village_ (1715), _la reconciliation normande_ (1719) and _le mariage fait et rompu_ (1721). a volume of _poesies diverses_, two volumes of _nouvelles historiques_ (1692), and _les amusements serieux et comiques d'un siamois_ (1705), a work to which montesquieu was indebted for the idea of his _lettres persanes_, complete the list of dufresny's writings. the best edition of his works is that of 1747 (4 vols.). his _theatre_ was edited (1882) by georges d'heylli. dugazon [jean henri gourgaud] (1746-1809), french actor, was born in marseilles on the 15th of november 1746, the son of the director of military hospitals there. he began his career in the provinces, making his debut in 1770 at the comedie francaise, where he aspired to leading comedy roles. he pleased the public at once and was made _societaire_ in 1772. dugazon was an ardent revolutionist, helped the schism which divided the company, and went with talma and the others to what became the theatre de la republique. after the closing of this theatre, and the dissolution of the comedie francaise, he took refuge at the theatre feydeau until (1799) he returned to the restored comedie. he retired in 1807, and died insane at sandillon in 1809. dugazon wrote three mediocre comedies of a political character, performed at the theatre de la republique. he married, in 1776, louis rose lefevre, but was soon divorced and then married again. the first madame dugazon (1755-1821), the daughter of a berlin dancing master, was a charming actress. her first appearance on the stage was made at the age of twelve as a dancer. it was as an actress \"with songs\" that she made her debut at the comedie italienne in 1774 in gretry's _sylvain_. she was at once admitted _pensionnaire_ and in 1776 _societaire_. madame dugazon delighted all paris, and nightly crowded the comedie italienne for more than twenty years. the two kinds of parts with which she was especially identified--young mothers and women past their first youth--are still called \"_dugazons_\" and \"_meres dugazons_.\" examples of the first are jenny in _la dame blanche_ and berthe de simiane in _les mousquetaires de la reine_; of the second, marguerite in _le pre aux clercs_ and the queen in _la part du diable_. dugazon's sister, marie rose gourgaud (1743-1804), was an actress who first played at stuttgart, where she married angelo, brother of gaetano vestris, the dancer. under the protection of the dukes of choiseul and duras, she was commanded to make her debut at the comedie francaise in 1768, where she created important parts in a number of tragedies.",
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