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    "source_title": "Encyclopaedia Britannica (1911)",
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    "chunk_id": "1911:dogs:16648199ae20",
    "title": "DOGS",
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    "verified_text": "dogs, isle of, a district of london, england, on the north bank of the thames, which surrounds it on three sides. it falls within the metropolitan borough of poplar. it is occupied by docks, riverside works and poor houses. the origin of the name is not known. the suggestion that it is corrupted from the isle of docks falls to the ground on the question of chronology; another, that there were royal kennels here, is improbable, though they were situated at deptford in the 17th century. (see poplar.) dog-tooth (the french _dent-de-scie_), in architecture, an ornament found in the mouldings of medieval work of the commencement of the 12th century, which is thought to have been introduced by the crusaders from the east. the earliest example is found in the hall at rabbath-ammon in moab (c. a.d. 614) built by the sassanians, where it decorates the arch moulding of the blind arcades and the string courses. in the apse of the church at murano, near venice, it is similarly employed. in the 12th and 13th centuries it was further elaborated with carving, losing therefore its primitive form, but constituting a most beautiful decorative feature. in elgin cathedral the dog-tooth ornament in the archivolt becomes a four-lobed leaf, and in stone church, kent, a much more enriched type of flower. the term has been supposed to originate in a resemblance to the dog-tooth violet, but the original idea of a projecting tooth is a sufficient explanation. dogwood (i.e. wood of the dog-tree; referred by the _new english dictionary_ to \"dog,\" apparently as indicating inferiority; but by others connected with \"dag,\" \"dagger,\" and by prior with a.s. _dolc_, a brooch-pin), the name applied to plants of the genus _cornus_, of the natural order cornaceae. the common dogwood, prick-wood, skewer-wood, cornel or dogberry, _c. sanguinea_, is a shrub reaching a height of 8 or 9 ft., common in hedges, thickets and plantations in great britain. its branches are dark red; the leaves egg-shaped, pointed, about 2 in. long by 11⁄2 broad, and turning red in autumn; the flowers are dull white, in terminal clusters. the berries are small, of a black-purple, bitter and one-seeded, and contain a considerable percentage of oil, which in some places is employed for lamps, and in the manufacture of soap. the wood is white and very hard, and like that of other species of the genus is used for making ladder-spokes, wheel-work, skewers, forks and other implements, and gunpowder charcoal. the red berries of the dwarf species, _c. suecica_, of the scottish highlands, are eaten, and are reputed to be tonic in properties. _c. mas_, the cornelian cherry, a native of europe and northern asia, bears a pulpy and edible fruit, which when unripe contains much tannin. it is a good garden plant, as is also the north american species _c. florida_, one of the commonest trees of the deciduous forests of the middle and southern states. professor c. s. sargent (_silva of north america_) describes it as \"one of the most beautiful of the small trees of the american forests, which it enlivens in early spring with the whiteness of its floral leaves and in autumn with the splendour of its foliage and the brilliancy of its fruit. no tree is more desirable in the garden or park in regions where the summer's sun is sufficiently hot to ensure the production of its flowers through the perfect development of the branchlets.\" the jamaica dogwood, the root-bark of which is poisonous, is the species _piscidia erythrina_, of the natural order leguminosae.",
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