DODDS

dodds, alfred amedee (1842- ), french general, was born at st louis, senegal, on the 6th of february 1842; his father's family was of anglo-french origin. he was educated at carcassonne and at st cyr, and in 1864 joined the marine infantry as a sub-lieutenant. he was promoted captain for his services during the disturbances in reunion in 1868-69, in the course of which he was wounded. he served as a company commander in the franco-german war, was taken prisoner at sedan but escaped, and took part in the campaigns of the loire and of the east. in 1872 he was sent to west africa, and, except when on active service in cochin china (1878) and tong-king (1883), he remained on duty in senegal for the next twenty years, taking a prominent part in the operations which brought the countries of the upper senegal and upper niger under french rule. he led the expeditions against the boal and kayor (1889), the serreres (1890) and the futa (1891), and from 1888 to 1891 was colonel commanding the troops in senegal. at the close of 1891 he returned to france to command the eighth marine infantry at toulon. in april 1892 dodds was selected to command the expeditionary force in dahomey; he occupied abomey, the hostile capital, in november, and in a second campaign (1894) he completed the subjugation of the country. he was then appointed inspector-general of the marine infantry, and after a tour of the french colonies was given the command of the xx. (colonial) army corps, subsequently becoming inspector-general of colonial troops and a member of the _conseil superieur de guerre_. dodecahedron (gr. [greek: dodeka], twelve, and [greek: hedra], a face or base), in geometry, a solid enclosed by twelve plane faces. the "ordinary dodecahedron" is one of the platonic solids (see polyhedron). the greeks discovered that if a line be divided in extreme and mean proportion, then the whole line and the greater segment are the lengths of the edge of a cube and dodecahedron inscriptible in the same sphere. the "small stellated dodecahedron," the "great dodecahedron" and the "great stellated dodecahedron" are kepler-poinsot solids; and the "truncated" and "snub dodecahedra" are archimedean solids (see polyhedron). in crystallography, the regular or ordinary dodecahedron is an impossible form since the faces cut the axes in irrational ratios; the "pentagonal dodecahedron" of crystallographers has irregular pentagons for faces, while the geometrical solid, on the other hand, has regular ones. the "rhombic dodecahedron," one of the geometrical semiregular solids, is an important crystal form. many other dodecahedra exist as crystal forms, for which see crystallography. dodecastyle (gr. [greek: dodeka], twelve, and [greek: stylos], column), the architectural term given to a temple where the portico has twelve columns in front, as in the portico added to the temple of demeter at eleusis, designed by philo, the architect of the arsenal at the peiraeus. doderlein, johann christoph wilhelm ludwig (1791-1863), german philologist, was born at jena on the 19th of december 1791. his father, johann christoph doderlein, professor of theology at jena, was celebrated for his varied learning, for his eloquence as a preacher, and for the important influence he exerted in guiding the transition movement from strict orthodoxy to a freer theology. ludwig doderlein, after receiving his preliminary education at windsheim and schulpforta (pforta), studied at munich, heidelberg, erlangen and berlin. he devoted his chief attention to philology under the instruction of such men as f. thiersch, g. f. creuzer, j. h. voss, f. a. wolf, august bockh and p. k. buttmann. in 1815, soon after completing his studies at berlin, he accepted the appointment of ordinary professor of philology in the academy of bern. in 1819 he was transferred to erlangen, where he became second professor of philology in the university and rector of the gymnasium. in 1827 he became first professor of philology and rhetoric and director of the philological seminary. he died on the 9th of november 1863. doderlein's most elaborate work as a philologist was marred by over-subtlety, and lacked method and clearness. he is best known by his _lateinische synonymen und etymologien_ (1826-1838), and his _homerisches glossarium_ (1850-1858). to the same class belong his _lateinische wortbildung_ (1838), _handbuch der lateinischen synonymik_ (1839), and the _handbuch der lateinischen etymologie_ (1841), besides various works of a more elementary kind intended for the use of schools and gymnasia. most of the works named have been translated into english. to critical philology doderlein contributed valuable editions of tacitus (_opera_, 1847; _germania_, with a german translation) and horace (_epistolae_, with a german translation, 1856-1858; _satirae_, 1860). his _reden und aufsatze_ (erlangen, 1843-1847) and _offentliche reden_ (1860) consist chiefly of academic addresses dealing with various subjects in paedagogy and philology.