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    "source_title": "Encyclopaedia Britannica (1911)",
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    "chunk_id": "1911:dock:37c80b98019b",
    "title": "DOCK",
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    "verified_text": "dock, in botany, the name applied to the plants constituting the section _lapathum_ of the genus _rumex_, natural order polygonaceae. they are biennial or perennial herbs with a stout root-stock, and glabrous linear-lanceolate or oblong-lanceolate leaves with a rounded, obtuse or hollowed base and a more or less wavy or crisped margin. the flowers are arranged in more or less crowded whorls, the whole forming a denser or looser panicle; they are generally perfect, with six sepals, six stamens and a three-sided ovary bearing three styles with much-divided stigmas. the fruit is a triangular nut enveloped in the three enlarged leathery inner sepals, one or all of which bear a tubercle. in the common or broad-leaved dock, _rumex obtusifolius_, the flower-stem is erect, branching, and 18 in. to 3 ft. high, with large radical leaves, heart-shaped at the base, and more or less blunt; the other leaves are more pointed, and have shorter stalks. the whorls are many-flowered, close to the stem and mostly leafless. the root is many-headed, black externally and yellow within. the flowers appear from june to august. in autumn the whole plant may become of a bright red colour. it is a troublesome weed, common by roadsides and in fields, pastures and waste places throughout europe. the great water dock, _r. hydrolapathum_, believed to be the _herba britannica_ of pliny (_nat. hist._ xxv. 6), is a tall-growing species; its root is used as an antiscorbutic. other british species are _r. crispus_; _r. conglomeratus_, the root of which has been employed in dyeing; _r. sanguineus_ (bloody dock, or bloodwort); _r. palustris_; _r. pulcher_ (fiddle dock), with fiddle-shaped leaves; _r. maritimus_; _r. aquaticus_; _r. pratensis_. the naturalized species, _r. alpinus_, or \"monk's rhubarb,\" was early cultivated in great britain, and was accounted an excellent remedy for ague, but, like many other such drugs, is now discarded.",
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