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    "source_title": "Encyclopaedia Britannica (1911)",
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    "chunk_id": "1911:dingwall:4548e881d801",
    "title": "DINGWALL",
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    "verified_text": "dingwall, a royal and police burgh and county town of the shire of ross and cromarty, scotland. pop. (1901) 2519. it is situated near the head of cromarty firth where the valley of the peffery unites with the alluvial lands at the mouth of the conon, 181⁄2 m. n.w. of inverness by the highland railway. its name, derived from the scandinavian _thingvollr_, \"field or meeting-place of the _thing_,\" or local assembly, preserves the norse origin of the town; its gaelic designation is inverpefferon, \"the mouth of the peffery.\" the 18th-century town house, and some remains of the ancient mansion of the once powerful earls of ross still exist. there is also a public park. an obelisk, 57 ft. high, was erected over the grave of the 1st earl of cromarty. the town belongs to the wick district group of parliamentary burghs. it is a flourishing distributing centre and has an important corn market and auction marts. some shipping is carried on at the harbour at the mouth of the peffery, about a mile below the burgh. branch lines of the highland railway run to strathpeffer and to strome ferry and kyle of lochalsh (for skye). alexander ii. created dingwall a royal borough in 1226, and its charter was renewed by james iv. on the top of knockfarrel (gaelic, _cnoc_, hill; _faire_, watch, or guard), a hill about 3 m. to the west, is a large and very complete vitrified fort with ramparts. dinka (called by the arabs _jange_), a widely spread negro people dwelling on the right bank of the white nile to about 12° n., around the mouth of the babr-el-ghazal, along the right bank of that river and on the banks of the lower sobat. like the shilluk, they were greatly harried from the north by nuba-arabic tribes, but remained comparatively free owing to the vast extent of their country, estimated to cover 40,000 sq. m., and their energy in defending themselves. they are a tall race with skins of almost blue black. the men wear practically no clothes, married women having a short apron, and unmarried girls a fringe of iron cones round the waist. they tattoo themselves with tribal marks, and extract the lower incisors; they also pierce the ears and lip for the attachment of ornaments, and wear a variety of feather, iron, ivory and brass ornaments. nearly all shave the head, but some give the hair a reddish colour by moistening it with animal matter. polygamy is general; some headmen have as many as thirty or more wives; but six is the average number. they are great cattle and sheep breeders; the men tend their beasts with great devotion, despising agriculture, which is left to the women; the cattle are called by means of drums. save under stress of famine cattle are never killed for food, the people subsisting largely on durra. the dinkas reverence the cow, and snakes, which they call \"brothers.\" their folklore recognizes a good and evil deity; one of the two wives of the good deity created man, and the dead go to live with him in a great park filled with animals of enormous size. the evil deity created cripples. the dinka came, in 1899, under the control of the sudan government, justice being administered as far as possible in accord with tribal custom. a compendium of dinka laws was compiled by captain h. d. e. o'sullivan. see g. a. schweinfurth, _the heart of africa_ (1874); w. junker, _travels in africa_, eng. edit. (london, 1890-1892); _the anglo-egyptian sudan_, edited by count gleichen (london, 1905). dinkelsbuhl, a town of germany, in the kingdom of bavaria, on the wornitz, 16 m. n. from nordlingen, on the railway to dombuhl. pop. 5000. it is an interesting medieval town, still surrounded by old walls and towers, and has an evangelical and two roman catholic churches. notable is the so-called _deutsches haus_, the ancestral home of the counts of drechsel-deufstetten, a fine specimen of the german renaissance style of wooden architecture. there are a latin and industrial school, several benevolent institutions, and a monument to christoph von schmid (1768-1854), a writer of stories for the young. the inhabitants carry on the manufacture of brushes, gloves, stockings and gingerbread, and deal largely in cattle. fortified by the emperor henry i., dinkelsbuhl received in 1305 the same municipal rights as ulm, and obtained in 1351 the position of a free imperial city, which it retained till 1802, when it passed to bavaria. its municipal code, the _dinkelsbuhler recht_, published in 1536, and revised in 1738, contained a very extensive collection of public and private laws.",
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