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    "source_title": "Encyclopaedia Britannica (1911)",
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    "chunk_id": "1911:craik:ac0678e4274f",
    "title": "CRAIK",
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    "verified_text": "craik, george lillie (1798-1866), english man of letters, the son of a schoolmaster, was born at kennoway, fifeshire, in 1798. he studied at the university of st andrews with the intention of entering the church, but, altering his plans, became the editor of a local newspaper, and went to london in 1824 to devote himself to literature. he became connected with a short-lived literary paper called the _verulam_; in 1831 he published his _pursuit of knowledge under difficulties_ among the works of the society for the diffusion of useful knowledge; he contributed a considerable number of biographical and historical articles to the _penny cyclopaedia_; and he edited the _pictorial history of england_, himself writing much of the work. in 1844 he published his _history of literature and learning in england from the norman conquest to the present time_, illustrated by extracts. craik is best known for his abridged version of this work, _the history of english literature and the english language_ (1861), which passed through several editions. in the next year appeared his _spenser and his poetry_, an abstract of spenser's poems, with historical and biographical notes and frequent quotations; and in 1847 his _bacon, his writings and his philosophy_, a work of a similar kind. the two last-mentioned works appeared among _knight's weekly volumes_. two years later craik obtained the chair of history and english literature at queen's college, belfast, a position which he held till his death, which took place on the 25th of june 1866. he had married miss jeannette dempster (d. 1856) in 1826, and his daughter, georgiana marion craik (mrs a. w. may), wrote over thirty novels, of which _lost and won_ (1859) was the best. besides the works already noticed, craik published the _history of british commerce from the earliest times_ (1844), _romance of the peerage_ (1848-1850) and _the english of shakespeare_ (1856). crail (formerly karel), a royal and police burgh of fifeshire, scotland, 2 m. from fife ness, the most easterly point of the county, and 11 m. s.e. of st andrews by the north british railway, but 2 m. nearer by road. pop. (1901) 1077. it is said to have been a town of some note as early as the 9th century; and its castle, of which there are hardly any remains, was the residence of david i. and other scottish kings. it was constituted a royal burgh by a charter of robert bruce in 1306, and had its privileges confirmed by robert ii. in 1371, by mary in 1553, and by charles i. in 1635. of its priory, dedicated to st rufus, a few ruins still exist. the church of maelrubha, the patron saint of crail, is an edifice of great antiquity. many of the ordinary houses are massive and quaint. the public buildings include a library and reading-room and town hall. the chief industries comprise fisheries, especially for crabs, shipping and brewing. it is growing in favour as a summer resort. it unites with st andrews, the two anstruthers, kilrenny, pittenweem and cupar in returning one member to parliament. balcomie castle, about 2 m. to the n.e., dates from the 14th century. here mary of guise landed in 1538, a few days before her marriage to james v. in st andrews cathedral. in the 18th century it passed through the hands of various proprietors and was ultimately shorn of much of its original size and grandeur. the east neuk is a term applied more particularly to the country round fife ness, and more generally to all of the peninsula east of an imaginary line drawn from st andrews to elie. for fully half the year the cottages of its villages are damp with the haar, or dense mist, borne on the east wind from the north sea.",
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