COWRY

cowry, the popular name of the shells of the _cypraeida_, a family of mollusks. upwards of 100 species are recognized, and they are widely distributed over the world--their habitat being the shallow water along the sea-shore. the best known is the money cowry or _cypraea moneta_, a small shell about half an inch in length, white and straw-coloured without and blue within, which derives its distinctive name from the fact that in various countries it has been employed as a kind of currency. (see shell-money.) in africa among those tribes, such as the niam-niam, who do not recognize their monetary value, the shells are in demand as fashionable decorations, just as in germany they were in use as an ornament for horses' harness, and were popular enough to acquire several native names, such as _brustharnisch_ or breastplates, and _otterkopfchen_ or little adders' heads. besides the _cypraea moneta_ various species are employed in this decorative use. the _cypraea aurora_ is a mark of chieftainship among the natives of the friendly islands; the _cypraea annulus_ is a favourite with the asiatic islanders; and several of the larger kinds have been used in europe for the carving of cameos. the tiger cowry, _cypraea tigris_, so well known as a mantelpiece ornament in england and america, is commonly used by the natives of the sandwich islands to sink their nets; and they have also an ingenious plan of cementing portions of several shells into a smooth oval ball which they then employ as a bait to catch the cuttle-fish. while the species already mentioned occur in myriads in their respective habitats, the _cypraea princeps_ and the _cypraea umbilicata_ are extremely rare.