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    "source_title": "Encyclopaedia Britannica (1911)",
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    "chunk_id": "1911:coquelin:204cd4ced0a5",
    "title": "COQUELIN",
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    "verified_text": "coquelin, benoit constant (1841-1909), french actor, known as coquelin _aine_, was born at boulogne on the 23rd of january 1841. he was originally intended to follow his father's trade of baker (he was once called _un boulanger manque_ by a hostile critic), but his love of acting led him to the conservatoire, where he entered regnier's class in 1859. he won the first prize for comedy within a year, and made his debut on the 7th of december 1860 at the comedie francaise as the comic valet, gros-rene, in moliere's _depit amoureux_, but his first great success was as figaro, in the following year. he was made _societaire_ in 1864, and during the next twenty-two years he created at the francais the leading parts in forty-four new plays, including theodore de banville's _gringoire_ (1867), paul ferrier's _tabarin_ (1871), emile augier's _paul forestier_ (1871), _l'etrangere_ (1876) by the younger dumas, charles lomon's _jean dacier_ (1877), edward pailleron's _le monde ou l'on s'ennuie_ (1881), erckmann and chatrian's _les rantzau_ (1884). in consequence of a dispute with the authorities over the question of his right to make provincial tours in france he resigned in 1886. three years later, however, the breach was healed; and after a successful series of tours in europe and the united states he rejoined the comedie francaise as _pensionnaire_ in 1890. it was during this period that he took the part of labussiere, in the production of sardou's' _thermidor_, which was interdicted by the government after three performances. in 1892 he broke definitely with the comedie francaise, and toured for some time through the capitals of europe with a company of his own. in 1895 he joined the renaissance theatre in paris, and played there until he became director of the porte saint martin in 1897. here he won successes in edmond rostand's _cyrano de bergerac_ (1897), emile bergerat's _plus que reine_ (1899), catulle mendes' _scarron_ (1905), and alfred capus and lucien descaves' _l'attentat_ (1906). in 1900 he toured in america with sarah bernhardt, and on their return continued with his old colleague to appear in _l'aiglon_, at the theatre sarah bernhardt. he was rehearsing for the creation of the leading part in rostand's _chantecler_, which he was to produce, when he died suddenly in paris, on the 27th of january 1909. coquelin was an officier de l'instruction publique and of the legion of honour. he published _l'art et le comedien_ (1880), _moliere et le misanthrope_ (1881), essays on _eugene manuel_ (1881) and _sully-prudhomme_ (1882), _l'arnolphe de moliere_ (1882), _les comediens_ (1882), _l'art de dire le monologue_ (with his brother, 1884), _tartuffe_ (1884), _l'art du comedien_ (1894). his brother, ernest alexandre honore coquelin (1848-1909), called coquelin _cadet_, was born on the 16th of may 1848 at boulogne, and entered the conservatoire in 1864. he graduated with the first prize in comedy and made his debut in 1867 at the odeon. the next year he appeared with his brother at the theatre francais and became a _societaire_ in 1879. he played a great many parts, in both the classic and the modern repertoire, and also had much success in reciting monologues of his own composition. he wrote _le livre des convalescents_ (1880), _le monologue moderne_ (1881), _fairiboles_ (1882), _le rire_ (1887), _pirouettes_ (1888). he died on the 8th of february 1909. jean coquelin (1865- ), son of coquelin _aine_, was also an actor, first at the theatre francais (debut, 1890), later at the renaissance, and then at the porte saint martin, where he created the part of raigone in _cyrano de bergerac_.",
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