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    "source_title": "Encyclopaedia Britannica (1911)",
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    "title": "COOPER",
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    "verified_text": "cooper, samuel (1609-1672), english miniature painter. this artist was undoubtedly the greatest painter of miniatures who ever lived. he is believed to have been born in london, and was a nephew of john hoskins, the miniature painter, by whom he was educated. he lived in henrietta st., covent garden, and frequented the covent garden coffee-house. pepys, who makes many references to him, tells us he was an excellent musician, playing well upon the lute, and also a good linguist, speaking french with ease. according to other contemporary writers, he was a short, stout man, of a ruddy countenance. he married one christiana, whose portrait is at welbeck abbey, and he had one daughter. in 1668 he was instructed by pepys to paint a portrait of mrs pepys, for which he charged £30. he is known to have painted also the portrait of john aubrey, which was presented in 1691 to the ashmolean museum, as we learn from his correspondence with john ray, the naturalist. evelyn refers to him in 1662, when, on the occasion of the visit that the diarist paid to the king, cooper was drawing the royal face and head for the new coinage. magnificent examples of his work are to be found at windsor castle, belvoir castle, montague house, welbeck abbey, ham house, the rijks museum at amsterdam and in the collection of mr j. pierpont morgan. his largest miniature is in the possession of the duke of richmond and gordon at goodwood. a piece of the artist's handwriting is to be seen at the back of one of his miniatures in the welbeck abbey collection, and one of his drawings in black chalk is in the university gallery at oxford. his own portrait of himself is in the collection of mr j. pierpont morgan. the date of his death has been handed down by a record in the diary of mary beale, the miniature painter; and in some letters from mr charles manners, addressed to lord roos, dated 1672, now amongst the duke of rutland's papers at belvoir, the writer refers to cooper's serious illness on the 4th of may, and to his doubt as to whether the artist would ever recover. mary beale's reference to his decease is in the following words: \"sunday, may 5, 1672--mr samuel cooper, the most famous limner of the world for a face, dyed.\" for a fuller account see the _history of portrait miniatures_, by g. c. williamson, vol. i. p. 64. (g. c. w.) cooper (or couper), thomas (c. 1517-1594), english bishop and writer, was born in oxford, where he was educated at magdalen college. he became master of magdalen college school, and afterwards practised as a physician in oxford. his literary career began in 1548, when he compiled, or rather edited, a latin dictionary _bibliotheca eliotae_, and in 1549 he published a continuation of thomas lanquet's _chronicle of the world_. this work, known as _cooper's chronicle_, covers the period from a.d. 17 to the time of writing, and was reprinted in 1560 and 1565. in 1565 appeared the first edition of his greatest work, _thesaurus linguae romanae et britannicae_, and this was followed by three other editions. queen elizabeth was greatly pleased with the _thesaurus_, generally known as _cooper's dictionary_; and its author, who had been ordained about 1559, was made dean of christ church, oxford, in 1567. two years later he became dean of gloucester, in 1571 bishop of lincoln and in 1584 bishop of winchester. cooper was a stout controversialist; he defended the practice and precept of the church of england against the roman catholics on the one hand and against the martin marprelate writings and the puritans on the other. he took some part, the exact extent of which is disputed, in the persecution of religious recusants in his diocese, and died at winchester on the 29th of april 1594. cooper's _admonition against martin marprelate_ was reprinted in 1847, and his _answer in defence of the truth against the apology of private mass_ in 1850.",
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