COLUMBANI

columbani, placido, italian architectural designer, who worked chiefly in england in the latter part of the 18th century. he belonged to the school of the adams and pergolesi, and like them frequently designed the enrichments of furniture. he was a prolific producer of chimney-pieces, which are often mistaken for adam work, of moulded friezes, and painted plaques for cabinets and the like. there can be no question that the english furniture designers of the end of the 18th century, and especially the adams, hepplewhite and sheraton, owed much to his graceful, flowing and classical conceptions, although they are often inferior to those of pergolesi. his books are still a valuable store-house of sketches for internal architectural decoration. his principal works are:--_vases and tripods_ (1770); _a new book of ornaments, containing a variety of elegant designs for modern panels, commonly executed in stucco, wood or painting, and used in decorating principal rooms_ (1775); _a variety of capitals, friezes and corniches, and how to increase and decrease them, still retaining their proportions_ (1776). he also assisted john crunden in the production of _the chimneypiece makers' daily assistant_ (1776). columbarium (lat. _columba_, a dove), a pigeon-house. the term is applied in architecture to those sepulchral chambers in and near rome, the walls of which were sunk with small niches (_columbaria_) to receive the cinerary urns. vitruvius (iv. 2) employs the term to signify the holes made in a wall to receive the ends of the timbers of a floor or roof.