CLARINA

clarina, a comparatively new instrument of the wood-wind class (although actually made of metal), a hybrid possessing characteristics of both oboe and clarinet. the clarina was invented by w. heckel of biebrich-am-rhein, and has been used since 1891 at the festspielhaus, bayreuth, in _tristan und isolde_, as a substitute for the _holztrompete_ made according to wagner's instructions. the clarina has been found more practical and more effective in producing the desired tone-colour. the clarina is a metal instrument with the conical bore and fingering of the oboe and the clarinet single-reed mouthpiece. the compass of the instrument is as shown, and it stands in the key of b[flat]. like the clarinet, the clarina is a transposing instrument, for which the music must be written in a key a tone higher than that of the composition. the timbre resulting from the combination of conical bore and single-reed mouthpiece has in the lowest register affinities with the _cor anglais_, in the middle with the saxophone, and in the highest with the clarinet. other german orchestras have followed the example of bayreuth. the clarina has also been found very effective as a solo instrument. (k. s.) [illustration: notation.] [illustration: real sounds.]