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    "source_title": "Encyclopaedia Britannica (1911)",
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    "chunk_id": "1911:cesarotti:dc8666bcb554",
    "title": "CESAROTTI",
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    "verified_text": "cesarotti, melchiore (1730-1808), italian poet, was born at padua in 1730, of a noble but impoverished family. at the university of his native place his literary progress procured for him at a very early age the chair of rhetoric, and in 1768 the professorship of greek and hebrew. on the invasion of italy by the french, he gave his pen to their cause, received a pension, and was made knight of the iron crown by napoleon i., to whom, in consequence, he addressed a bombastic and extravagantly flattering poem called _pronea_. cesarotti is best known as the translator of homer and ossian. much praise cannot be given to his version of the _iliad_, for he has not scrupled to add, omit and modernize. ossian, which he held to be the finest of poems, he has, on the other hand, considerably improved in translation; and the appearance of his version attracted much attention in italy and france, and raised up many imitators of the ossianic style. cesarotti also produced a number of works in prose, including a _course of greek literature_, and essays _on the origin and progress of the poetic art_, _on the sources of the pleasure derived from tragedy_, _on the philosophy of language_ and _on the philosophy of taste_, the last being a defence of his own great eccentricities in criticism. his weakness was a straining after novelty. his style is forcible, but full of gallicisms. a complete edition of his works, in 42 vols. 8vo. began to appear at pisa in 1800, and was completed in 1813, after his death. see _memoirs_, by barbieri (padua, 1810), and _un filosofo delle lettere_, by alemanni (turin, 1894). cesena (anc. _caesena_), a town and episcopal see of emilia, italy, in the province of forli, 12 m. s.e. by rail from the town of forli, on the line between bologna and rimini, 144 ft. above sea-level. pop. (1905) 12,245 (town); 43,468 (commune). the town is picturesquely situated at the foot of the slopes of the apennines, and is crowned by a medieval fortress (rocca), begun by the emperor frederick i. (barbarossa) probably, but altered and added to later. the cathedral has two fine marble altars by the lombardi of venice (or their school). the library, built for domenico malatesta in 1452 by matteo nuzio, is a fine early renaissance building, and its internal arrangements, with the original desks to which the books are still chained, are especially well preserved (see j.w. clark, _the care of books_, cambridge, 1901, p. 199). in it are valuable mss., many of which were used by aldus manutius. it also contains a picture gallery with a good \"presentation in the temple\" by francesco francia. there are some fine palaces in the town. three-quarters of a mile south-east on the hill stands the handsome church of s. maria del monte, after the style of bramante, with carved stalls of the 16th century. wine, hemp and silk are the main articles of trade. about the ancient caesena little is said in classical authors: it is mentioned as a station on the via aemilia and as a fortress in the wars of theodoric and narses. during the middle ages it was at first independent. in 1357 it was unsuccessfully defended by the wife of francesco ordelaffi, lord of forli, against the papal troops under albornoz. in 1377 it was sacked by cardinal robert of geneva (afterwards clement vii., antipope). it was then held by the malatesta of rimini until 1465, when it came under the dominion of the church. both pius vi. (1717) and pius vii. (1742) were born at cesena. (t. as.)",
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