CAUCHOIS-LEMAIRE

cauchois-lemaire, louis francois auguste (1789-1861), french journalist, was born in paris on the 28th of august 1789. towards the end of the first empire he was proprietor of the _journal de la litterature et des arts_, which he transformed at the restoration into a political journal of liberal tendencies, the _nain jaune_, in which louis xviii. himself had little satirical articles secretly inserted. after the return from elba the _nain jaune_ became bonapartist and fell into discredit. it was suppressed at the second restoration. cauchois-lemaire then threw himself impetuously into the liberal agitation, and had to take refuge in brussels in 1816, and in the following year at the hague, whence he was expelled for publishing an _appel a l'opinion publique et aux etats generaux en faveur des patriotes francais_. returning to france in 1819, he resumed the struggle against the ultra-royalist party with such temerity that he was condemned to one year's imprisonment in 1821 and fifteen months' imprisonment in 1827. after the revolution of july 1830 he refused a pension of 6000 francs offered to him by king louis philippe, on the ground that he wished to retain his independence even in his relations with a government which he had helped to establish. he made a bitter attack upon the perier ministry in his journal _bon sens_, and in 1836 was one of the founders of a new opposition journal, the _siecle_. he soon, however, abandoned journalism for history and, having no private means, in 1840 accepted the post of head of a department in the royal archives. of a _histoire de la revolution de juillet_, which he then undertook, he published only the first volume (1842), which contains a historical summary of the restoration and a preliminary sketch of the democratic movement. he died in paris on the 9th of august 1861.