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    "source_title": "Encyclopaedia Britannica (1911)",
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    "chunk_id": "1911:castro y bellvis:b4449631cbdc",
    "title": "CASTRO Y BELLVIS",
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    "verified_text": "castro y bellvis, guillen de (1569-1631), spanish dramatist, was a valencian by birth, and early enjoyed a reputation as a man of letters. in 1591 he became a member of a local literary academy called the _nocturnos_. at one time a captain of the coast-guard, at another the protege of benavente, viceroy of naples, who appointed him governor of scigliano, patronized by osuna and olivares, castro was nominated a knight of the order of santiago in 1623. he settled at madrid in 1626, and died there on the 28th of july 1631 in such poverty that his funeral expenses were defrayed by charity. he probably made the acquaintance of lope de vega at the festivals (1620-1622) held to commemorate the beatification and canonization of st isidore, the patron saint of madrid. on the latter occasion castro's _octavas_ were awarded the first prize. lope de vega dedicated to him a celebrated play entitled _las almenas de toro_ (1619), and when castro's _comedias_ were published in 1618-1621 he dedicated the first volume to lope de vega's daughter. the drama that has made castro's reputation is _las mocedades del cid_ (1599?), to the first part of which corneille was largely indebted for the materials of his tragedy. the two parts of this play, like all those by castro, have the genuine ring of the old _romances_; and, from their intense nationality, no less than for their primitive poetry and flowing versification, were among the most popular pieces of their day. castro's _fuerza de la costumbre_ is the source of _love's care_, a play ascribed to fletcher. he is also the reputed author of _el prodigio de los montes_, from which calderon derived _el magico prodigioso_. _las mocedades del cid_ (toulouse, 1890) and _ingratitud de amor_ (philadelphia, 1899) have been well edited by e. merimee and h.a. rennert respectively. castruccio castracani degli antelminelli (1281-1328), duke of lucca, was by birth a lucchese, and by descent and training a ghibelline. being exiled at an early age with his parents and others of their faction by the guelphs, then in the ascendant, and orphaned at nineteen, he served as a _condottiere_ under philip iv. of france in flanders, later with the visconti in lombardy, and in 1313 under the ghibelline chief, uguccione della faggiuola, lord of pisa, in central italy. he assisted uguccione in many enterprises, including the capture of lucca (1314) and the victory over the florentines at montecatini (1315). an insurrection of the lucchese having led to the expulsion of uguccione and his party, castruccio regained his freedom and his position, and the ghibelline triumph was presently assured. elected lord of lucca in 1316, he warred incessantly against the florentines, and was at first the faithful adviser and stanch supporter of frederick of austria, who made him imperial vicar of lucca in 1320. after the battle of muhlbach he went over to the emperor louis the bavarian, whom he served for many years. in 1325 he defeated the florentines at altopascio, and was appointed by the emperor duke of lucca, pistoja, volterra and luni, and two years later he captured pisa, of which he was made imperial vicar. but, subsequently, his relations with louis seem to have grown less friendly and he was afterwards excommunicated by the papal legate in the interests of the guelphs. at his death in 1328 the fortunes of his young children were wrecked in the guelphic triumph. niccolo machiavelli's _life of castruccio_ is a mere romance; it was translated into french, with notes, by dreux de radier in 1753. see niccolo negrini, _vita di castruccio_ (modena, 1496); winkler's _castruccio, herzog von lucca_ (berlin, 1897); also gino capponi's _storia di firenze_, and g. sforza, _castruccio castracani degli antelminelli in lunigiana_ (modena, 1891); s. de sismondi, _histoire des republiques italiennes_ (brussels, 1838). castrum minervae (mod. _castro_), an ancient town of the sallentini in calabria, 10 m. south of hydruntum, with an ancient temple of minerva, said to have been founded by idomeneus, who formed the tribe of the sallentini from a mixture of cretans, illyrians and italian locrians. it is also said to have been the place where aeneas first landed in italy, the port of which he named _portus veneris._ the temple had lost some of its importance in strabo's day.",
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