CAMPOS

campos, an inland city of the state of rio de janeiro, brazil, on the parahyba river, 30 m. from the sea, and about 143 m. n.e. of the city of rio de janeiro. pop. (1890) of the city, 22,518; of the municipality, 78,036. the river is navigable for small steamers above and below the city, but is closed to coast-wise navigation by dangerous sandbars at its mouth. the shipping port for campos is imbetiba (near macahe), 60 m. south-west, with which it is connected by rail. there is also water communication between the two places by means of coastal lakes united by canals. campos has indirect railway communication with rio de janeiro by way of macahe, and is the starting point for several small independent lines. the elevation of the city is only 69 ft. above sea level, and it stands near the western margin of a highly fertile alluvial plain devoted to the production of sugar. the climate is hot and humid, and many kinds of tropical fruit are produced in abundance. campulung (also written campu lung and kimpulung), the capital of the department of muscel, rumania, and the seat of a suffragan bishop; situated among the outlying hills of the carpathian mountains, at the head of a long well-wooded glen traversed by the river tirgului, a tributary of the argesh. pop. (1900) 13,033. its pure air and fine scenery render campulung a popular summer resort. in the town are more than twenty churches, besides a monastery and a cathedral, which both claim to have been founded, in the 13th century, by radul negru, first prince of walachia. the tirgului supplies water-power for several paper-mills; annual fairs are held on the 20th of july and the 24th of october; and there is a considerable traffic with transylvania, over the torzburg pass, 15 m. north, and with the south by a branch railway to ploesci. near campulung are the remains of a roman camp; and, just beyond the gates, vestiges of a roman colony, variously identified with romula, stepenium and ulpia traiana, but now called gradistea or jidovi.