CAMPINAS

campinas, an inland city of the state of sao paulo, brazil, 65 m. by rail n.w. of the city of sao paulo and 114 m. from the port of santos, with which it is connected by the paulista & sao paulo railway. pop. (1890) of the city and municipality, 33,921. campinas is the commercial centre of one of the oldest coffee-producing districts of the state and the outlet for a rich and extensive agricultural region lying farther inland. the mogyana railway starts from this point and extends north to uberaba, minas geraes, while the paulista lines extend north-west into new and very fertile regions. coffee is the staple production, though indian corn, mandioca and fruit are produced largely for local consumption. the city is built in a bowl-like depression of the great central plateau, and the drainage from the surrounding hillsides has produced a dangerously insanitary condition, from which one or two virulent fever epidemics have resulted. camping out. the sport of abandoning ordinary house-life, and living in tents, touring in vans, boats, &c., has been elaborately developed in modern times, and a considerable literature has been devoted to it, to which the curious may be referred. see, for europe, a.a. macdonell's _camping-out_ (1892) and _voyages on german rivers_ (1890); g.r. lowndes, _gipsy tents_ (1890). for australia and africa, w.b. lord, _shifts and expedients of camp life_ (1871); the articles by f.j. jackson in the _big game shooting_ volume of the "badminton library"; the articles on "camping out" in _the encyclopaedia of sport_; f.c. selous, _a hunter's wanderings in africa_ (1881), and _travel and adventure in south africa_ (1893); a.w. chanler, _through jungle and desert_ (1896); a.b. rathbone, _camping and tramping in malaya_ (1898). for america, g.o. shields, _camping and camp outfits_ (1890); w.w. pascoe, _canoe and camp cookery_ (1893); _woodcraft_, by "nessmuk" (1895); w.s. rainsford, _camping and hunting in the shoshone_ (1896); s.e. white, _the forest_ (1903), and _the mountains_ (1904); _suggestions as to outfit for tramping and camping_ (1904), published by "the appalachian mountain club," boston. valuable information will be found in the sporting periodicals, and in the catalogues of outfitters and dealers in sporting goods.