CALVO

calvo, carlos (1824-1906), argentine publicist and historian, was born at buenos aires on the 26th of february 1824, and devoted himself to the study of the law. in 1860 he was sent by the paraguayan government on a special mission to london and paris. remaining in france, he published in 1863 his _derecho international teorico y practice de europay america_, in two volumes, and at the same time brought out a french version. the book immediately took rank as one of the highest modern authorities on the subject, and by 1887 the first french edition had become enlarged to six volumes. senor calvo's next publications were of a semi-historical character. between 1862 and 1869 he published in spanish and french his great collection in fifteen volumes of the treaties and other diplomatic acts of the south american republics, and between 1864 and 1875 his _annales historiques de la revolution de l'amerique latine_, in five volumes. in 1884 he was one of the founders at the ghent congress of the _institut de droit international._ in the following year he was argentine minister at berlin, and published his _dictionnaire du droit international public et prive_ in that city. calvo died in may 1906 at paris. calw or kalw, a town of germany, in the kingdom of wurttemberg, on the nagold, 34 m. s.w. of stuttgart by rail. pop. (1905), 4943. it contains a protestant and a roman catholic church, two schools, missionary institution, and a fine public library. the industries include spinning and weaving operations in wool and cotton. carpets, cigars and leather are also manufactured. the timber trade, chiefly with the netherlands, is important. the place is in favour as a health resort. the name of calw appears first in 1037. in the middle ages the town was under the dominion of a powerful family of counts, whose possessions finally passed to wurttemberg in 1345. in 1634 the town was taken by the bavarians, and in 1692 by the french. calydon ([greek: kalydon]), an ancient town of aetolia, according to pliny, 71⁄2 roman m. from the sea, on the river euenus. it was said to have been founded by calydon, son of aetolus; to have been the scene of the hunting, by meleager and other heroes, of the famous calydonian boar, sent by artemis to lay waste the fields; and to have taken part in the trojan war. in historical times it is first mentioned (391 b.c.) as in the possession of the achaeans, who retained it for twenty years, by the assistance of the lacedaemonian king, agesilaus, notwithstanding the attacks of the arcarnanians. after the battle of leuctra (371 b.c.) it was restored by epaminondas to the aetolians. in the time of pompey it was a town of importance; but augustus removed its inhabitants to nicopolis, which he founded to commemorate his victory at actium (31 b.c.). the walls of calydon are almost certainly to be recognized in the kastro of kurtaga. these comprise a circuit of over 2 m., with one large gate and five smaller ones, and are situated on a hill on the right or west bank of the euenus. remains of large terrace walls outside the town probably indicate the position of the temple of artemis laphria, whose gold and ivory statue was transferred to patras, together probably with her ritual. this included a sacrifice in which all kinds of beasts, wild and tame, were driven into a wooden pyre and consumed. see w.m. leake, _travels in n. greece_, i. p. 109, iii. pp. 533 sqq.; w.j. woodhouse, _aetolia_, pp. 95 ssq. (e. gr.)