CALVARY

calvary, the conventional english rendering of the _calvaria_ of the vulgate, the latin version of the greek _[greek: kranion]_, both meaning "skull" and representing the hebrew golgotha, the name given to the scene of christ's crucifixion. the term "a calvary" is applied to a sculptured representation of the crucifixion, either inside a church, or adjoining one in the open air. there are many examples of the latter in france, italy and spain. among the most important are the sacro monte (1486) at varallo in piedmont, and those at guimiliau (1581), plougastel (1602), st thegonnec (1610), and pleyben near quimper (1670), in brittany, all in good preservation. calve emma (1864- ), spanish operatic soprano, was born at madrid, and trained in paris, making her first important appearance in opera at brussels in 1882. she sang mainly in paris for some years, but in 1892 was first engaged at covent garden, london, and at once became famous as the most vivid carmen (in bizet's opera) of the day.