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    "source_title": "Encyclopaedia Britannica (1911)",
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    "chunk_id": "1911:calepino:5d84d8db8570",
    "title": "CALEPINO",
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    "verified_text": "calepino, ambrogio (1435-1511), italian lexicographer, born at bergamo in 1435, was descended of an old family of calepio, whence he took his name. becoming an augustinian monk, he devoted his whole life to the composition of a polyglott dictionary, first printed at reggio in 1502. this gigantic work was afterwards augmented by passerat and others. the most complete edition, published at basel in 1590, comprises no fewer than eleven languages. the best edition is that published at padua in seven languages in 1772. calepino died blind in 1511. cales (mod. _calvi_), an ancient city of campania, belonging originally to the aurunci, on the via latina, 8 m. n.n.w. of casilinum. it was taken by the romans in 335 b.c., and, a colony with latin rights of 2500 citizens having been established there, it was for a long time the centre of the roman dominion in campania, and the seat of the quaestor for southern italy even down to the days of tacitus.[1] it was an important base in the war against hannibal, and at last refused further contributions for the war. before 184 more settlers were sent there. after the social war it became a _municipium_. the fertility of its territory and its manufacture of black glazed pottery, which was even exported to etruria, made it prosperous. at the end of the 3rd century it appears as a colony, and in the 5th century it became an episcopal see, which (jointly with teano since 1818) it still is, though it is now a mere village. the cathedral, of the 12th century, has a carved portal and three apses decorated with small arches and pilasters, and contains a fine pulpit and episcopal throne in marble mosaic. near it are two grottos [v.04 p.1004] which have been used for christian worship and contain frescoes of the 10th and 11th centuries (e. bertaux, _l'art dans l'italie meridionale_ (paris, 1904), i. 244, &c.). inscriptions name six gates of the town: and there are considerable remains of antiquity, especially of an amphitheatre and theatre, of a supposed temple, and other edifices. a number of tombs belonging to the roman necropolis were discovered in 1883. see c. hulsen in pauly-wissowa, _realencyclopadie_, iii. 1351 (stuttgart, 1899). (t. as.) [1] to the period after 335 belong numerous silver and bronze coins with the legend _caleno_. calf. (1) (a word common in various forms to teutonic languages, cf. german _kalb_, and dutch _kalf_), the young of the family of _bovidae_, and particularly of the domestic cow, also of the elephant, and of marine mammals, as the whale and seal. the word is applied to a small island close to a larger one, like a calf close to its mother's side, as in the \"calf of man,\" and to a mass of ice detached from an iceberg. (2) (of unknown origin, possibly connected with the celtic _calpa_, a leg), the fleshy hinder part of the leg, between the knee and the ankle.",
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