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    "source_title": "Encyclopaedia Britannica (1911)",
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    "chunk_id": "1911:calaveras skull:083065f2ec85",
    "title": "CALAVERAS SKULL",
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    "verified_text": "calaveras skull, a famous fossil cranium, reported by professor j.d. whitney as found (1886) in the undisturbed auriferous gravels of calaveras county, california. the discovery at once raised the still discussed question of \"tertiary man\" in the new world. doubt has been thrown on the genuineness of the find, as the age of the gravels is disputed and the skull is of a type corresponding exactly with that of the present indian inhabitants of the district. whitney assigns the fossil to late tertiary (pliocene) times, and concludes that \"man existed in california previous to the cessation of volcanic activity in the sierra nevada, to the epoch of the greatest extension of the glaciers in that region and to the erosion of the present river canons and valleys, at a time when the animal and vegetable creation differed entirely from what they now are....\" the specimen is preserved in the peabody museum, cambridge, mass. calbayog, a town of the province of samar, philippine islands, on the w. coast at the mouth of the calbayog river, about 30 m. n.w. of catbalogan, the capital, in lat. 12° 3' n. pop. (1903) 15,895. calbayog has an important export trade in hemp, which is shipped to manila. copra is also produced in considerable quantity, and there is fine timber in the vicinity. there are hot springs near the town. the neighbouring valleys of the gandara and hippatan rivers are exceedingly fertile, but in 1908 were uncultivated. the climate is very warm, but healthy. the language is visayan.",
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