BUTTERFIELD

butterfield, william (1814-1900), english architect, was born in london, and educated for his profession at worcester, where he laid the foundations of his knowledge of gothic architecture. he settled in london and became prominent in connexion with the cambridge camden society, and its work in the improvement of church furniture and art. his first important building was st augustine's, canterbury (1845), and his reputation was made by all saints', margaret street, london (1859), followed by st alban's, holborn (1863), the new part of merton college, oxford (1864), keble college, oxford (1875), and many houses and ecclesiastical buildings. he also did much work as a restorer, which has been adversely criticized. he was a keen churchman and intimately associated with the english church revival. he had somewhat original views as to colour in architecture, which led to rather garish results, his view being that any combination of the natural colours of the materials was permissible. his private life was retiring, and he died unmarried on the 23rd of february 1900. butterfly and moth (the former from "butter" and "fly," an old term of uncertain origin, possibly from the nature of the excrement, or the yellow colour of some particular species; the latter akin to o. eng. _mod_, an earth-worm), the common english names applied respectively to the two groups of insects forming the scientific order lepidoptera (_q.v._).