BUITENZORG

buitenzorg, a hill station in the residency of batavia, island of java, dutch east indies. it is beautifully situated among the hills at the foot of the salak volcano, about 860 ft. above sea-level, and has a cool and healthy climate. buitenzorg is the usual residence of the governor-general of the dutch east indies, and is further remarkable on account of its splendid botanical garden and for its popularity as a health resort. the botanic gardens are among the finest in the world; they originally formed a part of the park attached to the palace of the governor-general, and were established in 1817. under j.s. teysmann, who became _hortulanus_ in 1830, the collection was extended, and in 1868 was recognized as a government institution with a director. between this and 1880 a museum, a school of agriculture, and a culture garden were added, and since then library, botanical, chemical, and pharmacological laboratories, and a herbarium have been established. the palace of the governor-general was founded by governor-general van imhoff in 1744, and rebuilt after being destroyed by an earthquake in 1834. buitenzorg is also the seat of the general secretary of the state railway and of the department of mines. buitenzorg, which is called bogor by the natives, was once the capital of the princess of pajajaram. close by, at _bata tulis_ ("inscribed stone"), are some hindu remains. the district of buitenzorg (till 1866 an assistant residency) forms the southern part of the residency of batavia, with an area of 1447 sq. m. it occupies the northern slopes of a range of hills separating it from preanger, and has a fertile soil. tea, coffee, cinchona, sugar-cane, rice, nutmegs, cloves and pepper are cultivated. bujn[=u]rd, a town of persia, in the province of khorasan, in a fertile plain encompassed by hills, in 37° 29' n., 57° 21' e., at an elevation of 3600 ft. pop. about 8000. its old name was buzinjird, and thus it still appears in official registers. it is the chief place of the district of same name, which extends in the west to the borders of shahrud and astarabad; in the north it is bounded by russian transcaspia, in the east by kuchan, and in the south by jovain. the greater part of the population consists of shadillu kurds, the remainder being zafranlu kurds, garaili turks, goklan turkomans and persians. bukh[=a]r[=i] [mahommed ibn ism[=a]'[=i]l al-bukh[=a]r[=i]] (810-872), arabic author of the most generally accepted collection of traditions (_[h.]ad[=i]th_) from mahomet, was born at bokhara (_bukh[=a]r[=a]_), of an iranian family, in a.h. 194 (a.d. 810). he early distinguished himself in the learning of traditions by heart, and when, in his sixteenth year, his family made the pilgrimage to mecca, he gathered additions to his store from the authorities along the route. already, in his eighteenth year, he had devoted himself to the collecting, sifting, testing and arranging of traditions. for that purpose he travelled over the moslem world, from egypt to samarkand, and learned (as the story goes) from over a thousand men three hundred thousand traditions, true and false. he certainly became the acknowledged authority on the subject, and developed a power and speed of memory [v.04 p.0716] which seemed miraculous, even to his contemporaries. his theological position was conservative and anti-rationalistic; he enjoyed the friendship and respect of a[h.]mad ibn [h.]anbal. in law, he appears to have been a sh[=a]fi'ite. after sixteen years' absence he returned to bokhara, and there drew up his _[s.]a[h.][=i][h.]_, a collection of 7275 tested traditions, arranged in chapters so as to afford bases for a complete system of jurisprudence without the use of speculative law, the first book of its kind (see mahommedan law). he died in a.h. 256, in banishment at kartank, a suburb of samarkand. his book has attained a quasi-canonicity in isl[=a]m, being treated almost like the koran, and to his grave solemn pilgrimages are made, and prayers are believed to be heard there. see f. wustenfeld, _sch[=a]fi'iten_, 78 ff.; m^cg. de slane's transl. of ibn khallikan, i. 594 ff.; i. goldziher, _mohammedanische studien_, ii. 157 ff.; nawawi, _biogr. dict._ 86 ff. (d. b. ma.)