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    "source_title": "Encyclopaedia Britannica (1911)",
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    "chunk_id": "1911:brive:546ec4f15f84",
    "title": "BRIVE",
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    "verified_text": "brive, or brives-la-gaillarde, a town of south-central france, capital of an arrondissement in the department of correze, 62 m. s.s.e. of limoges on the main line of the orleans railway from paris to montauban. pop. (1906) town 14,954; commune 20,636. it lies on the left bank of the correze in an ample and fertile plain, which is the meeting-place of important roads and railways. the _enceinte_ which formerly surrounded the town has been replaced by shady boulevards, and a few wide thoroughfares have been made, but many narrow winding streets and ancient houses still remain. outside the boulevards lie the modern quarters, also the fine promenade planted with plane trees which stretches to the correze and contains the chief restaurants and the theatre. here also is the statue of marshal guillaume marie anne brune, who was a native of brive. a fine bridge leads over the river to suburbs on its right bank. the public buildings are of little interest apart from the church of st martin, which stands in the heart of the old town. it is a building of the 12th century in the romanesque style of limousin, with three narrow naves of almost equal height. the ecclesiastical seminary occupies a graceful mansion of the 16th century, with a facade, a staircase and fireplaces of fine renaissance workmanship. brive is the seat of a sub-prefect [v.04 p.0619] and has a tribunal of first instance, a tribunal of commerce, a communal college and a school of industry. its position makes it a market of importance, and it has a very large trade in the early vegetables and fruit of the valley of the correze, and in grain, live-stock and truffles. table-delicacies, paper, wooden shoes, hats, wax and earthenware are manufactured, and there are slate and millstone workings and dye-works. in the vicinity are numerous rock caves, many of them having been used as dwellings in prehistoric times. the best known are those of lamouroux, excavated in stages in a vertical wall of rock, and four grotto-chapels resorted to by pilgrims in memory of st anthony of padua, who founded a franciscan monastery at brive in 1226. under the romans brive was known as _briva curretiae_ (bridge of the correze). in the middle ages it was the capital of lower limousin. brixen (ital. _bressanone_), a small city in the austrian province of tirol, and the chief town of the administrative district of brixen. pop. (1900) 5767. it is situated in the valley of the eisack, at the confluence of that stream with the rienz, and is a station on the brenner railway, being 34 m. south-east of that pass, and 24 m. north-east of botzen. the aspect of the city is very ecclesiastical; it is still the see of a bishop, and contains an 18th-century cathedral church, an episcopal palace and seminary, twelve churches and five monasteries. the see was founded at the end of the 8th century (possibly of the 6th century) at saben on the rocky heights above the town of klausen (some way to the south of brixen), but in 992 was transferred to brixen, which, perhaps a roman station, became later a royal estate, under the name of _prichsna_, and in 901 was given by louis the child to the bishop. in 1027 the bishop received from the emperor conrad ii. very extensive temporal powers, which he only lost to austria in 1803. the town was surrounded in 1030 by walls. in 1525 it was the scene of the first outbreak of the great peasants' revolt. about 51⁄2 m. north of brixen is the great fortress of franzensfeste, built 1833-1838, to guard the route over the brenner and the way to the east up the pusterthal. (w. a. b. c.)",
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