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    "source_title": "Encyclopaedia Britannica (1911)",
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    "chunk_id": "1911:bourne:f45ec5556f1a",
    "title": "BOURNE",
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    "verified_text": "bourne, or bourn, a market town in the s. kesteven or stamford parliamentary division of lincolnshire, england; lying in a fenny district 95 m. n. by w. from london. pop. of urban district (1901) 4361. the stamford-sleaford branch of the great northern railway here crosses the saxby-lynn joint line of the great northern and midland companies. the church of st peter and st paul is norman and early english with later insertions; it is part of a monastic church belonging to a foundation of augustinian canons of 1138, of which the other buildings have almost wholly disappeared. trade is principally agricultural. bourne is famous through its connexion with the ardent opponent of william the conqueror, hereward the wake. of his castle very slight traces remain. bourne was also the birthplace of the elizabethan statesman cecil, lord burghley. the red hall, which now forms part of the railway station buildings, belonged to the family of digby, of whom sir everard digby was executed in 1606 for his connexion with the gunpowder plot. bourne (southern form of burn, teutonic _born, brun, burna_), an intermittent stream frequent in chalk and limestone country where the rock becomes saturated with winter rain, that slowly drains away until the rock becomes dry, when the stream ceases. a heavy rainfall will cause streams to run in winter from the saturated soil. these are the winter bournes that have given name to several settlements upon salisbury plain, such as winterbourne gunning. the \"bourne\" may also be a permanent \"burn,\" but the word is usually applied to an intermittent stream. (2) (from the fr. _borne_), a boundary; the first use of the word in english is in lord ferrers' translation of forrest, 1523; the figurative meaning of limit, end or final destination comes from shakespeare's hamlet, \"the undiscovered country, from whose bourne no traveller returns.\"",
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