BOUND

bound, or boundary (from o. fr. _bonde_, med. lat. _bodena_ or _butina_, a frontier line), that which serves to indicate the limit or extent of land. it is usually defined by a certain mark, such as a post, ditch, hedge, dyke, wall of stones, &c., though on the other hand it may have to be ascertained by reference to a plan or by measurement. in law, the exact boundary of land is always a matter of evidence; where no evidence is available, the court acts on presumption. for example, the boundary of land on opposite sides of a road, whether public or private, is presumed to be the middle line of the road. where two fields are separated by a hedge and ditch the boundary line will run between the hedge and the ditch. boundaries of parishes, at common law, depended upon ancient and immemorial custom, and in many parishes great care was taken to perpetuate the boundaries of the parish by perambulations from time to time. the confusion of local boundaries in england was the subject of several commissions and committees in the 19th century, and much information will be found in their reports (1868, 1870, 1873, 1888). the local government act 1888, ss. 50-63, contains provisions for the alteration of local areas.