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    "source_title": "Encyclopaedia Britannica (1911)",
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    "chunk_id": "1911:bodel:62284bb5c6f6",
    "title": "BODEL",
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    "verified_text": "bodel, jehan (died _c._ 1210), french _trouvere_, was born at arras in the second half of the 12th century. very little is known of his life, but in 1205 he was about to start for the crusade when he was attacked by leprosy. in a touching poem called _le conge_ (pr. by meon in _recueil de fabliaux et contes_, vol. i.), he bade farewell to his friends and patrons, and begged for a nomination to a leper hospital. he wrote _le jeu de saint nicolas_, one of the earliest miracle plays preserved in french (printed in monmerque and michel's _theatre francais du moyen age_, 1839, and for the _soc. des bibliophiles francais_, 1831); the _chanson des saisnes_ (ed. f. michel 1839), four _pastourelles_ (printed in k. bartsch's _altfranz. romanzen und pastourellen_, leipzig, 1870); and probably, the eight _fabliaux_ attributed to an unknown jean bedel. the legend of saint nicholas had already formed the subject of the latin _ludus sancti nicholai_ of hilarius. bodel placed the scene partly on a field of battle in africa, where the crusaders perish in a hopeless struggle, and partly in a tavern. the piece, loosely connected by the miracle of saint nicholas narrated in the prologue, ends with a wholesale conversion of the african king and his subjects. the dialogue in the tavern scenes is written in thieves' slang, and is very obscure. the _chanson des saisnes_, bodel's authorship of which has been called in question, is a _chanson de geste_ belonging to the period of decadence, and is really a _roman d'aventures_ based on earlier legends belonging to the charlemagne cycle. it relates the wars of charlemagne against the saxons under guiteclin de sassoigne (witikind or widukind), with the second revolt of the saxons and their final submission and conversion. jehan bodel makes no allusion to ogier the dane and many other personages of the charlemagne cycle, but he mentions the defeat of roland at roncevaux. the romance is based on historical fact, but is overlaid with romantic detail. it really embraces three distinct legends--those of the wars against the saxons, of charlemagne's rebellious barons, and of baudouim and sebille. the earlier french poems on the subject are lost, but the substance of them is preserved in the scandinavian versions of the charlemagne cycle (supposed to have been derived from english sources) known as the _karlamagnussaga_ (ed. unger, christiania, 1860) and _keiser karl magnus kronike_ (romantisk digtnung, ed. c.j. brandt, copenhagen, 1877). see also the article on jehan bodel by paulin paris in _hist. litt, de la france_, xx. pp. 605-638; gaston paris, _histoire poetique de charlemagne_ (1865); leon gautier, _les epopees francaises_ (revised edition, vol. iii. pp. 650-684), where there is a full analysis of the _chanson des saisnes_ and a bibliography; h. meyer, in _ausgaben und abhandlungen aus ... der romanischen philologie_ (marburg, 1883), pp. 1-76, where its relation to the rest of the charlemagne cycle is discussed. bodenbach (czech _podmokly_), a town of bohemia, austria, 83 m. n.n.e. of prague by rail. pop. (1900) 10,782, almost exclusively german. it is situated on the left bank of the elbe opposite tetschen, and is an important railway junction, containing also an austrian and a saxon custom-house. bodenbach, which in the middle of the 19th century had only a few hundred inhabitants, has become a very important industrial centre. its principal manufactures include cotton and woollen goods, earthenware and crockery, chemicals, chicory, chocolate, sweetmeats and preserves, and beer. it has also a very active transit trade.",
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