BERWICK

berwick, james fitzjames, duke of (1670-1734), marshal of france, was the natural son of james, duke of york, afterwards james ii. of england, by arabella churchill (1648-1730), sister of the great duke of marlborough. he was born at moulins (bourbonnais) on the 21st of august 1670. he received his education in france at the hands of the jesuits, and at the age of fifteen, his father having succeeded to the throne, he was sent to learn the business of a soldier under the famous general of the empire, charles of lorraine. he served his first campaign in hungary, and was present at the siege of buda. he then returned to england, was made a colonel of the 8th foot, and in 1687 created duke of berwick, earl of teignmouth and baron bosworth. he then went out afresh to hungary and was present at the battle of mohacz. on his return to england he was made