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    "source_title": "Encyclopaedia Britannica (1911)",
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    "chunk_id": "1911:beaufort:300c108e4172",
    "title": "BEAUFORT",
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    "verified_text": "beaufort, afterwards countess of richmond and derby, who married, for her first husband, edmund tudor, earl of richmond, by whom she became the mother of king henry vii. in this way the blood of the beauforts was mingled with that of the tudors, and of all the subsequent occupants of the english throne. the title of earl of somerset descended on the death of john beaufort in 1444 to his brother edmund beaufort, duke of somerset (q.v.), who was killed at st albans in 1455. by his marriage with eleanor beauchamp, daughter of the fifth earl of warwick, he left three sons, henry, edmund and john, and a daughter, margaret. henry beaufort (1436-1464) became duke of somerset in 1455, and soon began to take part in the struggle against richard, duke of york, but failed to dislodge richard's ally, richard neville, earl of warwick, from calais. he took part in the victory of the lancastrians at wakefield in 1460, escaped from the carnage at towton in 1461, and shared the attainder of henry vi. in the same year. in may 1464 he was captured at hexham and was beheaded immediately after the battle. the title of duke of somerset was assumed by his brother, edmund beaufort (c. 1438-1471), who fled from the country after the disasters to the lancastrian arms, but returned to england in 1471, in which year he fought at tewkesbury, and in spite of a promise of pardon was beheaded after the battle on the 6th of may 1471. his younger brother john beaufort had been killed probably at this battle, and so on the execution of edmund the family became extinct. margaret beaufort married humphrey, earl of stafford, and was the mother of henry stafford, duke of buckingham. henry beaufort, third duke of somerset (d. 1464), left an illegitimate son, charles somerset, who was created earl of worcester by henry viii. in 1514. his direct descendant, henry somerset, fifth earl of worcester, was a loyal partisan of charles i. and in 1642 was created marquess of worcester. his grandson, henry, the third marquess, was made duke of beaufort in 1682, and the present duke of beaufort is his direct descendant. see thomas walsingham, _historia anglicana_, edited by h.t. riley (london, 1863-1864); w. stubbs, _constitutional history of england_, vols. ii. and iii. (oxford, 1895); _the paston letters_, edited by james gairdner (london, 1904).",
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