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    "source_title": "Encyclopaedia Britannica (1911)",
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    "chunk_id": "1911:bastide:8f745e324b4e",
    "title": "BASTIDE",
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    "verified_text": "bastide, jules (1800-1879), french publicist, was born at paris on the 22nd of november 1800. he studied law for a time, and afterwards engaged in business as a timber merchant. in 1821 he became a member of the french carbonari, and took a prominent part in the revolution of 1830. after the \"july days\" he received an artillery command in the national guard. for his share in the _emeute_ in paris (5th of june 1832) on the occasion of the funeral of general maximilien lamarque, bastide was sentenced to death but escaped to london. on his return to paris in 1834 he was acquitted, and occupied himself with journalism, contributing to the _national_, a republican journal of which he became editor in 1836. in 1847 he founded the _revue nationale_ with the collaboration of p.j. buchez (q.v.), with whose ideas he had become infected. after the revolution of february 1848 bastide's intimate knowledge of foreign affairs gained for him a secretarial post in the provisional government, and, after the creation of the executive commission, he was made minister of foreign affairs. at the close of 1848 he threw up his portfolio, and, after the _coup d'etat_ of december 1851, retired into private life. he died on the 2nd of march 1879. his writings comprise _de l'education publique en france_ (1847); _histoire de l'assemblee legislative_ (1847); _la republique francaise et l'italie en 1848_ (1858); _histoire des guerres religieuses en france_ (1859). bastide (provencal _bastida_, building), a word applied to the fortified towns founded in south-western france in the middle ages, and corresponding to the _villes neuves_ of northern france. they were established by the abbeys, the nobles and the crown, frequently by two of these authorities in co-operation, and were intended to serve as defensive posts and centres of population for sparsely-inhabited districts. in addition, they formed a source of revenue and power for their founders, who on their part conceded liberal charters to the new towns. they were built on a rectangular plan, with a large central square and straight thoroughfares running at right angles or parallel to one another, this uniformity of construction being well exemplified in the existing _bastide_ of monpazier (dordogne) founded by the english in 1284. mont-de-marsan, the oldest of the bastides, was founded in 1141, and the movement for founding them lasted during the 12th, 13th and 14th centuries, attaining its height between 1250 and 1350. see e. menault, _les villes neuves, leur origine et leur influence dans le mouvement communal_ (paris, 1868); curie-seimbres, _essai sur les villes fondees dans le sud-ouest de la france sous le nom de bastides_ (toulouse, 1880).",
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