BARTENSTEIN

bartenstein, a town of germany, in the kingdom of prussia, on the alle, 34 m. s. of koenigsberg by rail. pop. (1900) 6805. it has a considerable trade in corn and live stock, and its industries comprise founding and carriage-building, tanneries, breweries and potteries. bartenstein is celebrated for the treaty concluded here on the 26th of april 1807, between prussia and russia. barter (from fr. _barater_, to truck, to exchange), the exchange of commodities for commodities, in contra-distinction to the exchange of commodities for money. barter was the simplest form of trading among primitive communities, but its inconveniences led, at an early stage of civilization, to the adoption of metals as mediums of exchange. barter, however, is still very common in dealings with uncivilized peoples, and traders in many countries find that the most satisfactory method of effecting exchange is to furnish themselves with such commodities as weapons, tools and ornaments, which are more readily taken than money. for the history of barter and the steps by which a system of currency was gradually evolved, see money. consult also w. s. jevons, _money and the mechanism of exchange_; a. marshall, _economics_; w. ridgeway, _origin of currency and weight standards._ bartet (regnault), jeanne julia (1854- ), french actress, was born in paris and trained at the conservatoire. in 1872 she began a successful career at the vaudeville, and in 1879 was engaged at the comedie francaise, of which she became a _societaire_ in 1880. for many years she played the chief parts both in tragedy and comedy, her grand style and exquisite finesse making her supreme among the younger actresses on the french stage. she had a season in london in 1908, when her consummate art was displayed in a number of parts.