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    "source_title": "Encyclopaedia Britannica (1911)",
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    "chunk_id": "1911:bandello:075a3d8f020e",
    "title": "BANDELLO",
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    "verified_text": "bandello, matteo (1480-1562), italian novelist, was born at castelnuovo, near tortona, about the year 1480. he received a very careful education, and entered the church, though he does not seem to have prosecuted his theological course with great zeal. for many years he resided at mantua, and superintended the education of the celebrated lucrezia gonzaga, in whose honour he composed a long poem. the decisive battle of pavia, which gave lombardy into the hands of the emperor, compelled bandello to fly; his house at milan was burnt and his property confiscated. he took refuge with cesare fregoso, an italian general in the french service, whom he accompanied into france. in 1550 he was raised to the bishopric of agen, a town in which he resided for many years before his death in 1562. bandello wrote a number of poems, but his fame rests entirely upon his extensive collection of _novelle_, or tales (1554, 1573), which have been extremely popular. they belong to that species of literature of which boccaccio's _decameron_ and the queen of navarre's _heptameron_ are, perhaps, the best known examples. the common origin of them all is to be found in the old french _fabliaux_, though some well-known tales are evidently eastern, and others classical. bandello's novels are esteemed the best of those written in imitation of the _decameron_, though italian critics find fault with them for negligence and inelegance of style. they have little value from a purely literary point of view, and many of them are disfigured by the grossest obscenity. historically, however, they are of no little interest, not only from the insight into the social life of the period which they afford, but from the important influence they exercised on the elizabethan drama. the stories on which shakespeare based several of his plays were supplied by bandello, probably through belleforest or paynter. bander abb[=a]si (also bender abbas, and other forms), a town of persia, on the northern shore of the persian gulf in 27deg 11' n., and 56deg 17' e., forming part of the administrative division of the \"persian gulf ports,\" whose governor resides at bushire. it has a population of about 10,000, an insalubrious climate and bad water. bander abb[=a]si was called gombrun (gombroon, gamaroon; cambarao, comorao of portuguese writers) until 1622, when it received its present name (the \"port of abbas\") in honour of the reigning shah, abbas i., who had expelled the portuguese in 1614, and destroyed the fort built by them in 1612. the english, however, were permitted to build a factory there, and about 1620 the dutch obtained the same privilege. on the capture of the island of hormuz (ormus) in 1622 by the english and persians a large portion of its trade was transferred to bander abb[=a]si. during the remainder of the 17th century the traffic was considerable, but in the 18th prosperity declined and most of the trade was removed to bushire. in 1759 the english factory was destroyed by the french, and though afterwards re-established it has long been abandoned. the ruins of the factory and other buildings lie west of the present town. about 1740 nadir shah granted the town and district with the fort of shamil and the town of min[=a]b, together with the islands of kishm, hormuz (ormus) and l[=a]rak, to the arab tribe of the beni ma'[=i]ni in return for a payment of a yearly rent or tribute. about 40 years later sultan bin ahmad, the ruler of muscat, having been appealed to for aid by the arab inhabitants of the place against persian misrule, occupied the town, and obtained a firman from the persian government confirming him in his possession on the condition of his paying a yearly rent of a few thousand tomans. the islands were considered to be the property of muscat. in 1852 the persians expelled the muscat authorities from bander abb[=a]si and its district, but retired when muscat agreed to pay an increased rent. by a treaty concluded between persia and muscat in 1856 it was stipulated that bander abb[=a]si town and district and the islands were to be considered persian territory and leased to muscat at an annual rent of 14,000 tomans (l6000). the treaty was to have been in force for twenty years, but in 1866 the persians took advantage of the assassination of seyed thuweini, the sultan of muscat, to instal as governor of bander abb[=a]si and district a nominee of their own who agreed to pay a rent of 20,000 tomans per annum. further difficulties arising between persia and muscat, and the ruler of the latter, then in possession of a powerful fleet, threatening to blockade bander abb[=a]si, the persian government solicited the good offices of the british government, and the lease was renewed for another eight years upon payment of 30,000 tomans per annum (then about l12,000). this was in 1868. in the same year, however, the sultan of muscat was expelled by a successful revolt, and the persian government, in virtue of a clause in the lease allowing them to cancel the contract if a conqueror obtained possession of muscat, installed their own governor at bander abb[=a]si and [v.03 p.0311] have retained possession of the place ever since (see curzon, _persia_, ii. 424). bander abb[=a]si has a lively trade, exporting much of the produce of central and south-eastern persia and supplying imports to those districts and khorasan. it has telegraph and post offices, and the mail steamers of the british india steam navigation company call at the port weekly. great britain and russia are represented there by consuls. from 1890-1905 the total value of the exports and imports from and into bander abb[=a]si averaged about l660,000 per annum, l260,000 (l155,000 british) being for exports, l400,000 (l340,000 british) imports. of the 255,000 tons of shipping which in 1905 entered bander abb[=a]si 237,000 were british. 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