BALTIMORE

baltimore, a city and seaport, and the metropolis of maryland, u.s.a., the 7th city in population in the united states. it is at the head of tide-water on the patapsco river and its middle and north-west branches where they form an estuary 12 m. from the entrance of their waters into chesapeake bay, in lat. 39deg 17' n. and long. 76deg 37' w., about 172 m. by water from the atlantic ocean, 40 m. by rail n.w. from washington, 26 m. n. by w. from annapolis, 97 m. s.w. from philadelphia, and 184 m. from new york. pop. (1890) 434,439; (1900) 508,957 of whom 79,258 were negroes, and 68,600 foreign-born (of these 33,208 were natives of germany, 10,493 of russia, 9690 of ireland, 2841 of england, 2811 of poland, 2321 of bohemia and 2042 of italy); (1910, census) 558,485. it is served by the baltimore & ohio, the philadelphia, baltimore & washington (the pennsylvania system), the baltimore & annapolis short line, the baltimore, chesapeake & atlantic; the northern central; the western maryland and the maryland & pennsylvania railways; and by steamship lines running directly to all the more important ports on the atlantic coast of the united states, to ports in the west indies and brazil, to london, liverpool, southampton, bristol, leith, glasgow, dublin, belfast, havre, antwerp, rotterdam, bremen, hamburg and other european ports. the city extends nearly 6-1/2 m. from e. to w., and except on the w. side a little more than 5 m. from n. to s., covering an area of about 32 sq. m. the ground on which it is built is for the most part gently rolling; originally some portions were swampy and others were marked by precipitous heights, but the swamps have been drained and filled and the heights rounded off. jones's falls, a small stream shut in between granite walls several feet in height, crosses the n. boundary line a short distance w. of its middle, flows s.e. to the s.e. corner of the main business quarter, and there meets the north-west branch of the patapsco, in which lies the harbour, defended at its entrance by the historic fort mchenry, built at the s.e. extremity of locust point, an irregular peninsula extending s.e., on which are grain-elevators and a number of wharves, including those of the baltimore & ohio railway. that part of the city which lies e. of jones's falls is known as east baltimore, and is in turn nominally divided into fells' point to the s. and