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    "source_title": "Encyclopaedia Britannica (1911)",
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    "chunk_id": "1911:balmes:b3d3baf65608",
    "title": "BALMES",
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    "verified_text": "balmes, jaime luciano (1810-1848), spanish ecclesiastic, eminent as a political writer and a philosopher, was born at vich in catalonia, on the 28th of august 1810, and died there on the 9th of july 1848. having attacked the regent espartero and been exiled he founded and edited on his return the _el pensamiento de la nacion_, a catholic and conservative weekly; but his fame rests principally on _el protestantismo comparado con el catolicismo en sus relaciones con la civilisacion europea_ (3 vols., 1842-1844, 6th edition, 1879; eng. trans. london, 1849), an able defence of catholicism on the ground that it represents the spirit of obedience or order, as opposed to protestantism, the spirit of revolt or anarchy. from the historical standpoint it is of little value. the best of his philosophical works, which are clear expositions of the scholastic system of thought, are the _filosofia fondamental_ (4 vols., 1846, eng. trans. by h. f. brownson, 2 vols. new york, 1856), and the _curso de filosofia elemental_ (4 vols., 1847), which he translated into latin for use in seminaries. see a. de blanche-raffin, _jacques balmes, sa vie et ses ouvrages_ (paris, 1849); and e. bullon fernandez, _jaime balmes y sus oberas_ (madrid, 1903). balmoral castle (gaelic, \"the majestic dwelling\"), a private residence of the british sovereign, in the parish of crathie and braemar, aberdeenshire, scotland, on the right bank of the dee (here spanned by a fine suspension bridge), 9 m. w. of ballater and at a height of 900 ft. above the sea. the property formerly belonged to the farquharsons of inverey, from whom it was acquired by sir robert gordon, whose trustees disposed of the lease in 1848 to the prince consort, by whom the whole estate was purchased in 1852 and bequeathed to queen victoria. the castle is built of granite in the scots baronial style, with an eastern tower 100 ft. high commanding a superb view--ballochbuie and braemar to the w., glen gairn to the n., lochnagar and the beautiful valley of the dee to the s. on craig gowan (1319 ft.), a hill 1 m. to the south, have been erected memorial cairns to queen victoria, the prince consort, princess alice and other members of the royal family of great britain. the parish church of crathie (1903), replacing the kirk of 1806, is 1-1/2 m. to the w., and about 2 m. farther west stands abergeldie castle, another highland royal residence, an ancient building to which modern additions have been made, inhabited by king edward vii. when prince of wales, and after his accession to the throne used as a shooting-lodge.",
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