BAKER

baker, henry (1698-1774), english naturalist, was born in london on the 8th of may 1698. after serving an apprenticeship with a bookseller, he devised a system of instructing the deaf and dumb, by the practice of which he made a considerable fortune. it brought him to the notice of daniel defoe, whose youngest daughter sophia he married in 1729. a year before, under the name of henry stonecastle, he was associated with defoe in starting the _universal spectator and weekly journal_. in 1740 he was elected fellow of the society of antiquaries and of the royal society. he contributed many memoirs to the _transactions_ of the latter society, and in 1744 received the copley gold medal for microscopical observations on the crystallization of saline particles. he was one of the founders of the society of arts in 1754, and for some time acted as its secretary. he died in london on the 25th of november 1774. among his publications were _the microscope made easy_ (1743), _employment for the microscope_ (1753), and several volumes of verse, original and translated, including _the universe, a poem intended to restrain the pride of man_ (1727). his name is perpetuated by the bakerian lecture of the royal society, for the foundation of which he left by will the sum of l100.