BAJZA

bajza, joseph (1804-1858), hungarian poet and critic, was born at szucsi in 1804. his earliest contributions were made to kisfaludy's _aurora_, a literary paper of which he was editor from 1830 to 1837. he also wrote largely in the _kritische blaetter_, the _athenaeum_, and the _figyelmezo_ or _observer_. his criticisms on dramatic art were considered the best of these miscellaneous writings. in 1830 he published translations of some foreign dramas, _auslaendische buehna_, and in 1835 a collection of his own poems. in 1837 he was made director of the newly established national theatre at pest. he then, for some years, devoted himself to historical writing, and published in succession the _historical library_ (_tortereti konyvtar_), 6 vols., 1843-1845; the _modern plutarch_ (_uj plutarch_), 1845-1847; and the _universal history_ (_vilagtoretet_), 1847. these works are to some extent translations from german authors. in 1847 bajza edited the journal of the opposition, _ellenoer_, at leipzig, and in march 1848 kossuth made him editor of his paper, _kossuth hirlapja_. in 1850 he was attacked with brain disease and died in 1858. bakalai (bakale, bangouens), a bantu negroid tribe inhabiting a wide tract of french congo between the river ogowe and 2deg s. they appear to be immigrants from the south-east, and have been supposed to be connected racially with the galoa, one of the mpongwe tribes and the chief river-people of the ogowe. the bakalai have suffered much from the incursions of their neighbours the fang, also arrivals from the south-east, and it may be that they migrated to their present abode under pressure from this people at an earlier date. they are keen hunters and were traders in slaves and rubber; the slave traffic has been prohibited by the french authorities. their women display considerable ingenuity in dressing their hair, often taking a whole day to arrange a coiffure; the hair is built up on a substructure of clay and a good deal of false hair incorporated; a coat of red, green or yellow pigment often completes the effect. the same colours are used to decorate the hut doors. the villages, some of which are fortified with palisades, are usually very dirty; chiefs and rich men own plantations which are situated at some distance from the village and to which their womenfolk are sent in times of war. the bakalai of lake isanga cremate their dead; those of the upper ogowe throw the bodies into the river, with the exception of those killed in war. the body of a chief is placed secretly in a hut erected in the depths of the forest, and the village is deserted for that night, in some cases altogether; the slaves of the deceased are (or were) sacrificed, and his wives scourged and secluded in huts for a week. "natural" deaths are attributed to the machinations of a sorcerer, and the poison-ordeal is often practised. of their social organization little is known, but it appears that nearly all individuals refrain from eating the flesh of some particular animal.