ASVINS

asvins, in hindu mythology, twin deities of light. after indra, agni and soma, they are the most prominent divinities in the rig-veda, and have more than fifty entire hymns addressed to them. their exact attributes are obscure. they appear to be the spirits of dawn, the earliest bringers of light in the morning sky; they hasten on in the clouds before dawn and prepare the way for her. in some hymns they are called sons of the sun; in others, children of the sky; in others, offspring of the ocean. they are youngest of the gods, bright lords of lustre, honey-hued. they are inseparable. the sole purpose of one hymn is to compare them with different twin objects, such as eyes, hands, feet and wings. they have a common wife, surya. they are physicians, protectors of the weak and old, especially of elderly unmarried women. they are the friends of lovers, and bless marriages and make them fruitful. see a.a. macdonell, _vedic mythology_ (strassburg, 1897). asylum (from gr. [greek: a-], privative, and [greek: sulae], right of seizure), a place of refuge. in ancient greece, an asylum was an "inviolable" refuge for persons fleeing from pursuit and in search of protection. in a general sense, all greek temples and altars were inviolable, that is, it was a religious crime to remove by force any person or thing once under the protection of a deity. but it was only in the case of a small number of temples that this protecting right of a deity was recognized with common consent. such were the sanctuaries of zeus lycaeus in arcadia, of poseidon in the island of calauria, and of apollo at delos, they were, however, numerous in asia minor. they guaranteed absolute security to the suppliant within their limits. the right of sanctuary, originally possessed by all temples, appears to have become limited to a few in consequence of abuses of it. asylums in this sense were peculiar to the greeks. the asylum of romulus (livy i. 8), which was probably the altar of veiovis, cannot be considered as such. under roman dominion, the rights of existing greek sanctuaries were at first confirmed, but their number was considerably reduced by tiberius. under the empire, the statues of the emperors and the eagles of the legions were made refuges against acts of violence. generally speaking, the classes of persons who claimed the rights of asylum were slaves who had been maltreated by their masters, soldiers defeated and pursued by the enemy, and criminals who feared a trial or who had escaped before sentence was passed. (see treatises _de asylis graecis_, by forster, 1847; jaenisch, 1868; barth, 1888.) with the establishment of christianity, the custom of asylum or sanctuary (q.v.) became attached to the church or churchyard. in modern times the word asylum has come to mean an institution providing shelter or refuge for any class of afflicted or destitute persons, such as the blind, deaf and dumb, &c., but more particularly the insane. (see insanity.)