ARTEMISIA

artemisia, the sister and wife of mausolus (or maussollus), king of caria, was sole ruler from about 353 to 350 b.c. she has immortalized herself by the honours paid to the memory of her husband. she built for him, in halicarnassus, a very magnificent tomb, called the mausoleum, which was one of the seven wonders of the world, and from which the name mausoleum was afterwards given to all tombs remarkable for their grandeur. she appointed panegyrics to be composed in his honour, and offered valuable prizes for the best oratorical and tragic compositions. she also erected a monument, or trophy, in rhodes, to commemorate her conquest of that island. when the rhodians regained their freedom they built round this trophy so as to render it inaccessible, whence it was known as the _abaton_. there are statues of mausolus and artemisia in the british museum. vitruvius ii. 8; diodorus siculus xvi. 36; cicero, _tusc._ iii. 31; val. max. iv. 6. artemon (fl. c. a.d. 230), a prominent christian teacher at rome, who held adoptianist (see adoptianism), or humanitarian views, of the same type as his elder contemporaries the theodotians, though perhaps asserting more definitely than they the superiority of christ to the prophets in respect of his supernatural birth and sinlessness. he was excommunicated by zephyrinus, despite his remarkable claim that all that bishop's predecessors in the see of rome had held the humanitarian position. (see also monarchianism.)