APPENZELL

appenzell, the political capital of the inner rhoden half of the swiss canton of appenzell. it is built in a smiling green hollow on the left bank of the sitter stream, which is formed by the union of several mountain torrents descending from the santis. by light railways it is 12-1/2 m. from st gall past gais or 20-1/2 m. past herisau. its chief streets are paved, but it is rather a large village than a town, though in 1900 it had 4574 inhabitants, practically all german-speaking and romanists. it has a stately modern parish church (attached to a gothic choir), a small but very ancient chapel of the abbots of st gall (whose summer residence was this village), and two capuchin convents (one for men, founded in 1588, and one for women, founded in 1613). among the archives, kept in the sacristy of the church, are several banners captured by the appenzellers in former days, among them one taken in 1406 at imst, near lanedeck, with the inscription _hundert teufel_, though popularly this number is multiplied a thousandfold. in the principal square the _landsgemeinde_ (or cantonal democratic assembly) is held annually in the open air on the last sunday in april. the inhabitants are largely employed in the production of embroidery, though also engaged in various pastoral occupations. about 2-1/2 m. by road south-east of appenzell is weissbad, a well-known goat's whey cure establishment, while 1-1/2 hours above it is the quaint little chapel of wildkirchli, built (1648) in a rock cavern, on the way to the santis. (w. a. b. c.) apperception (lat. _ad_ and _percipere_, perceive), in psychology, a term used to describe the presentation of an object on which attention is fixed, in relation to the sum of consciousness previous to the presentation and the mind as a whole. the word was first used by leibnitz, practically in the sense of the modern attention (q.v.), by which an object is apprehended as "not-self" and yet in relation to the self. in kantian terminology apperception is (1) _transcendental_--the perception of an object as involving the consciousness of the pure self as subject, and (2) _empirical_,--the cognition of the self in its concrete existence. in (1) apperception is almost equivalent to self-consciousness; the existence of the ego may be more or less prominent, but it is always involved. according to j.f. herbart (q.v.) apperception is that process by which an aggregate or "mass" of presentations becomes systematized (_apperceptions-system_) by the accretion of new elements, either sense-given or product of the inner workings of the mind. he thus emphasizes in apperception the connexion with the self as resulting from the sum of antecedent experience. hence in education the teacher should fully acquaint himself with the mental development of the pupil, in order that he may make full use of what the pupil already knows. apperception is thus a general term for all mental processes in which a presentation is brought into connexion with an already existent and systematized mental conception, and thereby is classified, explained or, in a word, understood; e.g. a new scientific phenomenon is explained in the light of phenomena already analysed and classified. the whole intelligent life of man is, consciously or unconsciously, a process of apperception, inasmuch as every act of attention involves the appercipient process. see karl lange, _ueber apperception_ (6th ed. revised, leipzig, 1899; trans. e.e. brown, boston, 1893); g.f. stout, _analytic psychology_ (london, 1896), bk. ii. ch. viii., and in general text-books of psychology; also psychology.