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    "source_title": "Encyclopaedia Britannica (1911)",
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    "chunk_id": "1911:aonia:14f0c4cfb8ab",
    "title": "AONIA",
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    "verified_text": "aonia, a district of ancient boeotia, containing the mountains helicon and cithaeron, and thus sacred to the muses, who are called by pope the \"aonian maids.\" aorist (from gr. [greek: aoristos], indefinite), the name given in greek grammar to certain past tenses of verbs (first aorist, second aorist). aosta (anc. _augusta praetoria salassorum_), a town and episcopal see of piedmont, italy, in the province of turin, 80 m. n.n.w. by rail of the town of turin, and 48 m. direct, situated 1910 ft. above sea-level, at the confluence of the buthier and the dora baltea, and at the junction of the great and little st bernard routes. pop. (1901) 7875. the cathedral, reconstructed in the 11th century (to which one of its campanili and some architectural details belong), was much altered in the 14th and 17th; it has a rich treasury including an ivory diptych of 406 with a representation of honorius. the church of st ours, founded in 425, and rebuilt in the 12th century, has good cloisters (1133); the 15th-century priory is picturesque. the castle of bramafam (11th century) is interesting. cretinism is common in the district. after the fall of the roman empire the valley of aosta fell into the hands of the burgundian kings; and after many changes of masters, it came under the rule of count humbert i. of savoy (biancamano) in 1032. the privilege of holding the assembly of the states-general was granted to the inhabitants in 1189. an executive council was nominated from this body in 1536, and continued to exist until 1802. after the restoration of the rule of savoy it was reconstituted and formally recognized by charles albert, king of sardinia, at the birth of his grandson prince amedeo, who was created duke of aosta. aosta was the birthplace of anselm. for ancient remains see augusta praetoria salassorum. apache (apparently from the zuni name, = \"enemy,\" given to the navaho indians), a tribe of north american indians of athapascan stock. the apaches formerly ranged over south-eastern arizona and south-western mexico. the chief divisions of the apaches were the arivaipa, chiricahua, coyotero, faraone gileno, llanero, mescalero, mimbreno, mogollon, naisha, tchikun and tchishi. they were a powerful and warlike tribe, constantly at enmity with the whites. the final surrender of the tribe took place in 1886, when the chiricahuas, the division involved, were deported to florida and alabama, where they underwent military imprisonment. the apaches are now in reservations in arizona, new mexico and oklahoma, and number between 5000 and 6000. for details see _handbook of american indians_, ed. f.w. hodge, (washington, 1907); also indians, north american. apalachee (apparently a choctaw name, = \"people on the other side\"), a tribe of north american indians of muskhogean stock. they have been known since the 16th century, and formerly ranged the country around apalachee bay, florida. about 1600 the spanish franciscans founded a successful mission among them, but early in the 18th century the tribe suffered defeat at the hands of the british, the mission churches were burnt, the priests killed, and the tribe practically annihilated, more than one thousand of them being sold as slaves. see _handbook of american indians_, ed. f.w. hodge (washington, 1907).",
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