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    "source_title": "Encyclopaedia Britannica (1911)",
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    "chunk_id": "1911:antrustion:ea42bcf1ea17",
    "title": "ANTRUSTION",
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    "verified_text": "antrustion, the name of the members of the bodyguard or military household of the merovingian kings. the word, of which the formation has been variously explained, is derived from the o.h.germ. _trost_, comfort, aid, fidelity, trust, through the latinized form _trustis_. our information about the antrustions is derived from one of the _formulae_ of marculfus (i. 18, ed. zeumer, p. 55) and from various provisions of the salic law (see du cange, _glossarium, s._ \"trustis\"). any one desiring to enter the body of antrustions had to present himself armed at the royal palace, and there, with his hands in those of the king, take a special oath or _trustis_ and _fidelitas_, in addition to the oath of fidelity sworn by every subject at the king's accession. this done, he was considered to be _in truste dominica_ and bound to the discharge of all the services this involved. in return for these, the antrustion enjoyed certain valuable advantages, as being specially entitled to the royal assistance and protection; his _wergeld_ is three times that of an ordinary frank; the slayer of a frank paid compensation of 200 _solidi_, that of an antrustion had to find 600. the antrustion was always of frankish descent, and only in certain exceptional cases were gallo-romans admitted into the king's bodyguard. these gallo-romans then took the name of _convivae regis_, and the _wergeld_ of 300 _solidi_ was three times that of a _homo romanus_. the antrustions, belonging as they did to one body, had strictly defined duties towards one another; thus one antrustion was forbidden to bear witness against another under penalty of 15 _solidi_ compensation. the antrustions seem to have played an important part at the time of clovis. it was they, apparently, who formed the army which conquered the land, an army composed chiefly of franks, and of a few gallo-romans who had taken the side of clovis. after the conquest, the role of the antrustions became less important. for each of their expeditions, the kings raised an army of citizens in which the gallo-romans mingled more and more with the franks; they only kept one small permanent body which acted as their bodyguard (_trustis dominica_), some members of which were from time to time told off for other tasks, such as that of forming garrisons in the frontier towns. the institution seems to have disappeared during the anarchy with which the 8th century opened. it has wrongly been held to be the origin of vassalage. only the king had antrustions; every lord could have vassals. the antrustions were a military institution; vassalage was a social institution, the origins of which are very complex. all historians of merovingian institutions and law have treated of the antrustions, and each one has his different system. the principal authorities are:--waitz, _deutsche verfassungsgeschichte_, 3rd ed. vol. ii. pp. 335 et seq.; brunner, _deutsche rechtsgeschichte_, vol. ii. p. 97 et seq.; fustel de coulanges, _la monarchie franque_, p. 80 et seq.; maxirne deloche, _la trustis et vantrustion royal sous les deux premieres races_ (paris, 1873), collecting and discussing the principal texts; guilhermoz, _les origines de la noblesse_ (paris, 1902), suggesting a system which is new in part. (c. pf.)",
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