ANEMONE

anemone, or wind-flower (from the gr. [greek: anemos], wind), a genus of the buttercup order (ranunculaceae), containing about ninety species in the north and south temperate zones. _anemone nemorosa_, wood anemone, and _a. pulsatilla_, pasque-flower, occur in britain; the latter is found on chalk downs and limestone pastures in some of the more southern and eastern counties. the plants are perennial herbs with an underground rootstock, and radical, more or less deeply cut, leaves. the elongated flower stem bears one or several, white, red, blue or rarely yellow, flowers; there is an involucre of three leaflets below each flower. the fruits often bear long hairy styles which aid their distribution by the wind. many of the species are favourite garden plants; among the best known is _anemone coronaria_, often called the poppy anemone, a tuberous-rooted plant, with parsley-like divided leaves, and large showy poppy-like blossoms on stalks of from 6 to 9-in. high; the flowers are of various colours, but the principal are scarlet, crimson, blue, purple and white. there are also double-flowered varieties, in which the stamens in the centre are replaced by a tuft of narrow petals. it is an old garden favourite, and of the double forms there are named varieties. they grow best in a loamy soil, enriched with well-rotted manure, which should be dug in below the tubers. these may be planted in october, and for succession in january, the autumn-planted ones being protected by a covering of leaves or short stable litter. they will flower in may and june, and when the leaves have ripened should be taken up into a dry room till planting time. they are easily raised from the seed, and a bed of the single varieties is a valuable addition to a flower-garden, as it affords, in a warm situation, an abundance of handsome and often brilliant spring flowers, almost as early as the snowdrop or crocus. the genus contains many other lively spring-blooming plants, of which _a. hortensis_ and _a. fulgens_ have less divided leaves and splendid rosy-purple or scarlet flowers; they require similar treatment. another set is represented by _a. pulsatilla_, the pasque-flower, whose violet blossoms have the outer surface hairy; these prefer a calcareous soil. the splendid _a. japonica_, and its white variety called honorine joubert, the latter especially, are amongst the finest of autumn-blooming hardy perennials; they grow well in light soil, and reach 2-1/2 to 3 ft. in height, blooming continually for several weeks. a group of dwarf species, represented by the native british _a. nemorosa_ and _a. apennina_, are amongst the most beautiful of spring flowers for planting in woods and shady places. the genus _hepatica_ is now generally included in anemone as a subgenus. the plants are known in gardens as hepaticas, and are varieties of the common south european _a. hepatica_; they are charming spring-flowering plants with usually blue flowers.