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    "source_title": "Encyclopaedia Britannica (1911)",
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    "chunk_id": "1911:andros:04b9aa21e0ab",
    "title": "ANDROS",
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    "verified_text": "andros, or andro, an island of the greek archipelago, the most northerly of the cyclades, 6 m. s.e. of euboea, and about 2 m. n. of tenos; it forms an eparchy in the modern kingdom of greece. it is nearly 25 m. long, and its greatest breadth is 10 m. its surface is for the most part mountainous, with many fruitful and well-watered valleys. andros, the capital, on the east coast, contains about 2000 inhabitants. the ruins of palaeopolis, the ancient capital, are on the west coast; the town possessed a famous temple, dedicated to bacchus. the island has about 18,000 inhabitants. the island in ancient times contained an ionian population, perhaps with an admixture of thracian blood. though originally dependent on eretria, by the 7th century b.c. it had become sufficiently prosperous to send out several colonies to chalcidice (acanthus, stageirus, argilus, sane). in 480 it supplied ships to xerxes and was subsequently harried by the greek fleet. though enrolled in the delian league it remained disaffected towards athens, and in 447 had to be coerced by the settlement of a cleruchy. in 411 andros proclaimed its freedom and in 408 withstood an athenian attack. as a member of the second delian league it was again controlled by a garrison and an archon. in the hellenistic period andros was contended for as a frontier-post by the two naval powers of the aegean sea, macedonia and egypt. in 333 it received a macedonian garrison from antipater; in 308 it was freed by ptolemy i. in the chremonidean war (266-263) it passed again to macedonia after a battle fought off its shores. in 200 it was captured by a combined roman, pergamene and rhodian fleet, and remained a possession of pergamum until the dissolution of that kingdom in 133 b.c. before falling under turkish rule, andros was from a.d. 1207 till 1566 governed by the families zeno and sommariva under venetian protection. androtion (c. 350 b.c.), greek orator, and one of the leading politicians of his time, was a pupil of isocrates and a contemporary of demosthenes. he is known to us chiefly from the speech of demosthenes, in which he was accused of illegality in proposing the usual honour of a crown to the council of five hundred at the expiration of its term of office. androtion filled several important posts, and during the social war was appointed extraordinary commissioner to recover certain arrears of taxes. both demosthenes and aristotle (_rhet._ iii. 4) speak favourably of his powers as an orator. he is said to have gone into exile at megara, and to have composed an _atthis_, or annalistic account of attica from the earliest times to his own days (pausanias vi. 7; x. 8). it is disputed whether the annalist and orator are identical, but an androtion who wrote on agriculture is certainly a different person. professor gaetano de sanctis (in _l'attide di androzione e un papiro di oxyrhynchos_, turin, 1908) attributes to androtion, the atthidographer, a 4th-century historical fragment, discovered by b.p. grenfell and a.s. hunt (_oxyrhynchus papyri_, vol. v.). strong arguments against this view are set forth by e.m. walker in the _classical review_, may 1908. [v.02 p.0002] andujar (the anc. _slilurgi_), a town of southern spain, in the province of jaen; on the right bank of the river guadalquivir and the madrid-cordova railway. pop. (1900) 16,302. andujar is widely known for its porous earthenware jars, called _alcarrazas_, which keep water cool in the hottest weather, and are manufactured from a whitish clay found in the neighbourhood. anecdote (from [greek: an]-, privative, and [greek: ekdidomi], to give out or publish), a word originally meaning something not published. it has now two distinct significations. the primary one is something not published, in which sense it has been used to denote either secret histories--procopius, _e.g._, gives this as one of the titles of his secret history of justinian's court--or portions of ancient writers which have remained long in manuscript and are edited for the first time. of such _anecdota_ there are many collections; the earliest was probably l.a. muratori's, in 1709. in the more general and popular acceptation of the word, however, anecdotes are short accounts of detached interesting particulars. of such anecdotes the collections are almost infinite; the best in many respects is that compiled by t. byerley (d. 1826) and j. clinton robertson (d. 1852), known as the _percy anecdotes_ (1820-1823).",
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